General knowledge

What is Biomass and How is it used?

Biomass is plant or animal material used as fuel to produce electricity or heat. Examples are wood, energy crops and waste from forests, yards, or farms. Since biomass technically can be used as a fuel directly, some people use the terms biomass and biofuel interchangeably.

Biomass can generate electricity in a number of ways but the most common is ‘direct combustion’. This means burning the agricultural waste or wood to heat water. This produces steam, which spins turbines. Biofuels are basically fuels that are made out of biomass. These can be solid, liquid, or gas. Biodiesel and bioethanol are two of the most common types of biofuel.

Technically, Biomass Energy was discovered back in our cave-dwelling days, when we realised that wood could burn. And we’ve been at it ever since. In fact, up until the Industrial Revolution, biomass was our main source of energy (until fossil fuels came along).

What is Artificial Leaf?

Artificial leaf, silicon-based device that uses solar energy to split hydrogen and oxygen in water, thereby producing hydrogen energy in a clean way, leaving virtually no pollutants. The technology, which was designed to simulate the natural energy-generating process of photosynthesis used by plants, was first successfully developed by American chemist Daniel G. Noceraand colleagues in 2011. Further work was needed to improve its efficiency and cost-effectiveness for practical use.
The basic component of an artificial leaf is a silicon chip that is coated in chemical catalysts, which speed up the water-splitting reaction. In an open vessel of water, when solar energy hits the chip, a chemical reaction similar to photosynthesis occurs—the hydrogen and oxygen molecules of water are split apart, resulting in the separation of protons and electrons. The protons and electrons are captured on the chip and are recombined to form hydrogen gas, which can be used for immediate generation of electricity or stored for later use.
The primary application of the artificial leaf is the clean production of hydrogen, which is considered an alternative form of energy.

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