Learning Ambiance

𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗵𝗾𝘂𝗮𝗸𝗲:

An earthquake is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock materials below the earth's surface, when multiple tectonic plates suddenly slip past each other.

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡𝐪𝐮𝐚𝐤𝐞:
1. 𝐅𝐨𝐜𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐫 𝐡𝐲𝐩𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫
It is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts.

2. 𝐄𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫:
it is the point on the earth’s surface vertically above the hypocenter, point in the crust.

3. 𝐒𝐞𝐢𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐬 :
When an earthquake occurs, it releases energy waves, known as Seismic waves.
Based on the medium they travel in, earthquake waves can be classified under two categories:

Body waves :
Body waves are those waves that travel through the earth. They originate at the epicentre of the earthquake and travel through the earth at amazing speeds. There are two types of body waves, namely,
•P waves
•S waves

Surface waves are those waves that travel on the surface of the earth. The destruction caused by earthquakes is primarily done by these waves.

𝐏 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒 𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐬 :

P waves or Primary waves are the first waves to hit the seismographs when an earthquake strikes. They are longitudinal waves which means that the direction of motion and propagation are the same. They are the fastest seismic waves and can travel through gases, liquids, or solids.

S waves also called secondary waves and shear waves, are the second waves to hit the seismographs. They are transverse waves, which means that the motion is perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. S waves can only travel through solids, and scientists have successfully mapped the earth’s interior by studying the routes of these waves.

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