NCERT Edu

10th 2
**" Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom"** ke bilingual (Hindi-English) notes hain jo aapko samajhne aur yaad karne mein kaafi madad karenge:
# # **Main Summary (Saaransha)**
* **Inauguration Day / Udghatan ka Din:**
* **English:** The ceremony took place on 10th May 1994 in the Union Buildings amphitheatre in Pretoria. It was the largest gathering of international leaders on South African soil.
* **Hindi:** Yeh samaroh 10 May 1994 ko Pretoria ke Union Buildings amphitheatre mein hua tha. South Africa ki dharti par yeh antarrashtriya netaon ka sabse bada jamavda tha.
* **The End of Apartheid / Rang-bhed ka Anth:**
* **English:** Mandela describes the day as a victory for justice, peace, and human dignity. It marked the end of the "Apartheid" system—a system of racial discrimination.
* **Hindi:** Mandela is din ko nyay, shanti aur manaviya samman ki jeet batate hain. Isne "Apartheid" (rang-bhed) pranali ke anth ko darshaya.
* **Twin Obligations / Do Zimmedariyan:**
* **English:** Every man has two obligations: one to his family (parents, wife, children) and the second to his people, community, and country.
* **Hindi:** Har insaan ki do zimmedariyan hoti hain: pehli apne parivar (maa-baap, patni, bacche) ke liye aur doosri apne logon, samuday aur desh ke liye.
# # **Important Points to Remember (Zaroori Baatein)**
| Concept | English Description | Hindi Me Matlab
| **Courage** | Not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. | Darr ka na hona nahi, balki us par vijay pana. |
| **Freedom** | Not just a personal thing, but the ability to live with dignity. | Sirf ek vyaktigat cheez nahi, balki samman ke saath jeene ki azadi. |
| **Oppressor** | A person who takes away someone else's freedom is a prisoner of hatred. | Jo doosron ki azadi chhinta hai, woh khud nafrat ka kaidi hota hai. |
| **Patriots** | Mandela thanked those who sacrificed their lives for freedom. | Mandela ne un desh-bhakton ka dhanyavad kiya jinhone azadi ke liye jaan di. |
# # **Key Vocabulary (Shabd-Arth)**
* **Discrimination:** Bhed-bhaav (रंग या जाति के आधार पर अंतर करना)
* **Emancipation:** Azadi / Mukti (बंधनों से मुक्ति)
* **Spectacular:** Shandaar (शानदार)
* **Resilience:** Mushkil waqt mein mazboot bane rehna (मुसीबत में न हार मानने की शक्ति)
**Exam Tip:** Mandela ke anusar, koi bhi insaan nafrat ke saath paida nahi hota; nafrat sikhayi jati hai. Agar log nafrat karna sikh sakte hain, toh unhe **pyar** karna bhi sikhaya ja sakta hai kyunki pyar dil mein zyada swabhavik (natural) tarike se aata hai.

Class 10th for 2026