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𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞, 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧

Do you know loneliness? In people's minds, loneliness is a subjective concept.
It is loosely defined and used in different ways in common parlance. When asked how loneliness manifests itself or what it means, many people associate it with sadness, fear, emptiness or complete abandonment.
Having social contacts, feeling the ties that unite us to others and their support is of paramount importance for the balance of society, but also for satisfaction, well-being and health!
Conversely, some people like to be alone when this solitude is a conscious choice, for example to compensate for the hectic pace of everyday life, to let go or to refocus. In this case, solitude is chosen and experienced as a positive state.

𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬
According to Dr. Maike Luhmann, Professor at the Faculty of Psychology at Ruhr University in Bochum, there are three relevant forms of loneliness in social research: (2)

𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐞:
it is defined as an unbearable emptiness, sadness and nostalgia. It can also be understood as “loneliness in relationships”: a loneliness felt when we feel isolated from the people around us. Existential loneliness can also be interpreted as the absence of meaning in life, that is to say as a loneliness that expresses that one has moved away from life.
𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐬:
The second definition of loneliness is based on the assumption that humans have a basic need for social connections. When this basic need remains unsatisfied, it is perceived as negative and painful. This sensation is reflected in particular by the fact that similar brain areas are active when you feel alone or when you feel physical pain. At the same time, the non-satisfaction of this basic need is also a strongly felt incentive to end this negative state as soon as possible.
𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐮𝐧𝐟𝐮𝐥𝐟𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬:
The third most frequently cited scientific definition of loneliness describes loneliness as an unpleasant experience that occurs when a person's network of social relationships is grossly inadequate, whether quantitatively or qualitatively. Two comparable elements are at the heart of this definition: desired social relations and lived social relations.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩𝐬

𝙇𝙤𝙣𝙚𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙨𝙤𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙚𝙭𝙘𝙡𝙪𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙢𝙖𝙟𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙩𝙧𝙚𝙨𝙨𝙤𝙧𝙨 𝙩𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙖𝙧𝙚 𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙠𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙮 𝙝𝙚𝙖𝙡𝙩𝙝 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙗𝙡𝙚𝙢𝙨.

In psychiatry, loneliness has long been considered a symptom of other mental disorders. However, current knowledge shows that this suffering must be considered as a phenomenon in its own right, which can trigger a wide variety of concomitant psychological and physical illnesses: the causal links between loneliness and increased vulnerability to depression, suicidal tendencies, anxiety disorders (including social phobia) or an increased likelihood of being placed in a socio-medical establishment are now well established thanks to numerous scientific studies. People who feel alone are also more often victims of cancer, heart attack, stroke or dementia.

The mutual influence between loneliness and psyche can be described as a vicious circle in which psychic illnesses and loneliness accumulate and end up triggering a negative spiral for health. Those affected feel lonely and increasingly avoid social contact. Instead of going out, they increasingly stay at home and withdraw into themselves, which reinforces their feeling of loneliness and social isolation.