Tanta Innovators Association

DTCP Tanta Recruitment Wave 1 Delta Thalassemia Center for Control and prevention (DTCP) is scientifically recognized as a non-profit organization (NPO) funded by Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF). The center is conducting its first Multi-center screening study" prevalence of Thalassemia carriers relative to Thalass...

Inferential Statistics
للاحصاء الاستدلالية بقية .....
هنتكلم النهارده عن حاجة مهمة جدا وهي P value

When is it used?
The P (probability) value is used when we wish to see how likely it is that a hypothesis is true. The hypothesis is usually that there is no difference between two treatments, known as the “null hypothesis”.
What does it mean?
The P value gives the probability of any observed difference having happened by chance.
Def: P value is the probability that what we have concluded is wrong

P = 0.5 means that the probability of the difference having happened by chance is 0.5 in 1, or 50:50.
P = 0.05 means that the probability of the difference having happened by chance is 0.05 in 1, i.e. 1 in 20.

P value frequently quoted as being “statistically significant”, i.e. unlikely to have happened by chance and therefore important.

The lower the P value, the less likely it is that the difference happened by chance and so the higher the significance of the finding.

The “null hypothesis” is a concept that underlies this and other statistical tests.
The test method assumes (hypothesizes) that there is no (null) difference between the groups. The result of the test either supports or rejects that hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is generally the opposite of what we are actually interested in finding out. If we are interested if there is a difference between two treatments then the null hypothesis would be that there is no difference and we would try to disprove this.

Try not to confuse statistical significance with clinical relevance. If a study is too small, the results are unlikely to be statistically significant even if the intervention actually works. Conversely a large study may find a statistically significant difference that is too small to have any clinical relevance.


P value (significance) قيمتها:
هى قيمة عشرية تتراوح بين 0 & 1
واتفق علماء الاحصاء الطبية على ان :
If P value < 0.05, then the results are statistically significant.
If P value > 0.05, then the results are not statistically significant.
How to calculate P value:
By using statistical tests which varies according to the variables in the study
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