Murtii Construction

Shoring, Underpinning & Dewatering

1. Shoring

Shoring is a temporary structure used to support a building, structure, or trench to prevent collapseduring construction or repair. It helps stabilize the structure and ensures safety during excavation oralterations.

Types of Shoring:

• Raking Shoring
• Flying Shoring
• Dead Shoring

2. Underpinning

Underpinning is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of an existing buildingor structure. It is done when the original foundation is not strong enough or when adjacentexcavation affects stability.

Methods of Underpinning:

• Mass Concrete Underpinning
• Beam and Base Underpinning
• Mini Piled Underpinning
• Pile and Beam Method

3. Dewatering

Dewatering is the process of removing groundwater or surface water from a construction site tocreate a dry and stable work environment. It is essential during deep excavations or foundationworks.

Methods of Dewatering:

• Well Point System
• Deep Well System
• Sump Pumping
• Ejector System

Conclusion:

Shoring, underpinning, and dewatering are essential techniques in civil engineering that ensure thestability, safety, and efficiency of construction projects. They protect existing structures, providestable foundations, and maintain dry working conditions.

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QUALITY TESTS ON CONCRETE AT SITE

1. Slump Test

Used to determine the workability of fresh concrete. The test involves filling a cone-shapedmold with concrete, removing the mold, and measuring the slump or subsidence of theconcrete.

2. Compressive Strength Test

Cubes or cylinders are cast and cured under controlled conditions, then crushed after 7
and 28 days to determine the concrete's compressive strength.

3. Water Permeability Test

Determines the resistance of concrete against water pe*******on. It helps assess concrete
durability, especially for structures exposed to water.

4. Rebound Hammer Test

A non-destructive test (NDT) used to estimate the surface hardness and uniformity of
concrete by measuring rebound index from a spring-driven hammer.

5. Air Content Test

Measures the air content in freshly mixed concrete. It helps in understanding freeze-thawresistance and workability.

6. Temperature Test

Checks the temperature of freshly mixed concrete to ensure it is within acceptable limitsfor proper hydration and strength development.

7. Compaction Factor Test

Determines the degree of compaction achieved by concrete, especially for low workability mixes. It measures the ratio of partially compacted to fully compacted concrete weight.

8. Flow Table Test
Used for high workability concrete. The test measures the spread of concrete on a flow
table to assess its flowability and consistency.

Note: All tests should follow relevant IS, ASTM, or ACI standards to ensure accurateresults.

‎BUSINESS PLAN jechuun maal?
‎
‎Mee har’a waa’ee waan kana haa ilaallu:
‎
‎Business Plan (Karoora Daldalaa) jechuun karoora hojii tokko eessarraa ka’ee garamitti deemuu akka qabu bal’inaan ibsuudha. Kun yaada hojii sammuu kee keessa jiru gara hojii qabatamaatti geeddaruu si gargaara.
‎
‎FAAYIDAA KAROORA DALDALAA QOPHEESSUU:
‎
‎Hojiin kee maal akka ta’e, eessarraa ka’ee eessa akka deemu ifatti ibsa
‎
‎Deeggarsa baankii fi investeroota (financial support) argachuuf gargaara
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‎Garee fi hirmaattotni hojichaa yaada waliigalaa daldalichaa akka qabaatan taasisa
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‎Dorgommii keessatti maaltu akka daldala kee adda godhu ni ibsa
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‎Gatii oomisha ykn tajaajila keetii ifa taasisa
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‎KUTAALEE GURGUDDOO 8 KAROORA DALDALAA:
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‎1. Ibsa Gabaabaa (Executive Summary)
‎
‎Kun seensa barreeffamichaati. Yaada hojii gabaabsee dhiyeessa:
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‎- Maqaa Hojii (Business Name)
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‎- Maal Hojjetta? (Mission Statement)
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‎- Maal Gurgurta? Eenyutti? (Products/Services & Target Market)
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‎2. Ibsa Hojii (Business Description)
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‎Maal irratti hojjechuu akka barbaaddu namni hunduu akka hubatu ibsi:
‎
‎- Gosa hojii: daldala, tajaajila, qonna, teknoolojii, fi kkf
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‎- Yaadni daldalaakee rakkoo maali furuuf akka karoorfame ibsi
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‎- Gosa seeraa ittiin dhaabbate (Legal Structure):
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‎- Dhuunfaa (Sole Proprietorship)
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‎- Garee (Partnership)
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‎- PLC
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‎- Waldaa Aksiyoonaa (SC)
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‎kuni ifatti adda bahee barraa'uu qaba.
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‎3. Qorannoo Gabaa (Market Analysis)
‎
‎Gabaan si barbaadu eenyu fa’i? Maaltu si adda godha?
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‎Maamiltoonni kee eenyu? (Target Customers)
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‎Dorgomtoonni kee eenyu? (Competitor Analysis)
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‎Faayidaan ati dorgommii irra argattu maali? (Competitive Advantage)
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‎4. Gurma’insa fi Hoggansa (Organization & Management)
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‎Hojii kana eenyutu hooggana?
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‎Hundeessaa fi Muuxannoo Isaa (Owner Background)
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‎Garee Hoggansa (Management Team)
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‎Caasaa Dhaabbataa (Organizational Structure)
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‎5. Oomisha/Tajaajila (Product or Service Line)
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‎Oomisha ykn tajaajila kee ibsi:
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‎- Maal oomishta?
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‎- Akkamitti oomishta?
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‎- Tajaajila akkamii kennita?
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‎- Gatii maal irratti hundooftee murteessita? (Pricing Strategy)
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‎6. Tarsiimoo Gabaa fi Gurgurtaa (Marketing & Sales Strategy)
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‎Oomisha ykn tajaajila kee akkamitti of beeksifta?
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‎Tarsiimoo Gabaa: miidiyaa hawaasaa, TV, raadiyoo, afaaniin
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‎Tarsiimoo Gurgurtaa: gatii gadi bu’aa, beeksisa addaa, referral, kkf
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‎7. Karoora Hojii Guyyaa Guyyaa (Operational Plan)
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‎Hojii guyyaa guyyaa akkamiin gaggeeffama?
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‎Iddoo Hojii (Business Location)
‎
‎Qabeenya barbaachisu: dhiheessitoota (Suppliers), geejjiba, logistics
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‎8. Karoora Maallaqaa (Financial Plan)
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‎Maallaqa meeqa si barbaachisa? Galii fi baasii akkamitti madaalta?
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‎Baajata Jalqabaa (Startup Budget)
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‎Ragaa Waggaa 3–5 (Financial Projections):
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‎Gabatee Bu’aa fi Baasii (Income Statement)
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‎Gabatee Sochii Maallaqaa (Cash Flow Statement)
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‎Gabatee Qabeenyaa fi Idaa (Balance Sheet)
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‎Bakka Galii fi Baasii Wal-simu (Break-even Point)
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‎Faayidaa Karoora Daldalaa Barreessuu Maali?
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‎Karoorri kee ifa fi qindaa’aa ta’a
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‎Amanamummaa investerootaa fi baankota biratti horatta
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‎Dorgommii keessatti qophii cimaa qabaatta
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‎Guddina yeroo dheeraa irratti si qajeelcha
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‎Via: Tamiru Maka!