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Perdagangan elektronik

Kemajuan teknologi komputer dan internet, bisnis domestik dan internasional sedang tertarik pada teknologi ini. Saat ini, sebagian besar bisnis kecil atau besar dan bisnis domestik atau internasional menawarkan produk dan layanan mereka melalui Internet.

Organisasi bisnis saat ini memiliki situs web yang menarik dan interaktif di mana mereka mempromosikan dan memasarkan bisnis mereka.

Fasilitas teknologi berbasis komputer dan Internet secara kolektif mengintegrasikan pasar yang terfragmentasi dengan menawarkan kepada mereka arena bersama. Teknologi lebih lanjut telah membantu organisasi dalam pemotongan biaya dan juga membantu mengurangi biaya produk dan layanan.

Teknologi memfasilitasi pelanggan dalam membeli produk atau layanan dari kebutuhan mereka dengan duduk di rumah atau di mana saja.

Apa itu Perdagangan Elektronik?

Perdagangan elektronik atau hanya e-commerce biasanya merupakan proses yang melibatkan memfasilitasi ketersediaan produk dan layanan online. Pengguna dapat mencari, memilih, menjual, membeli dari berbagai pilihan melalui Internet.

Aktivitas utama e-commerce adalah sebagai berikut -

Menjual produk dan layanan online (melalui internet)

Membeli produk dan layanan online

Membayar dan menerima pembayaran online

Transaksi bisnis dan layanan online lainnya

Fitur E-Commerce

Berikut ini adalah fitur penting dari e-niaga -

Ini secara efisien meningkatkan kemampuan bisnis.

Secara substansial mengurangi biaya.

Ini secara nyata meningkatkan layanan pengiriman.

Ini adalah solusi transaksi bisnis cepat dan otomatisasi kantor yang tidak dapat dipecahkan.

Ini berpotensi meningkatkan fungsionalitas intra-bisnis.

Ini secara kompeten meningkatkan komunikasi bisnis.

Jenis-jenis E-Commerce

Berikut ini adalah jenis utama bisnis e-commerce -

Bisnis-ke-Bisnis (B2B)

Ini dilakukan antara dua perusahaan bisnis.

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Ini dilakukan antara perusahaan bisnis dan konsumen.

Konsumen-ke-Konsumen (C2C)

Kesepakatan bisnis konsumen-ke-konsumen terjadi antara dua konsumen; ada situs web tertentu yang memfasilitasi platform bersama untuk konsumen - yang ingin membeli dan yang ingin menjual.

Manfaat E-Commerce

Mari kita sekarang membahas manfaat dari e-commerce -

· Ini memfasilitasi pasar bebas.

· Ini tersedia 24 × 7.

· Keberadaannya bersifat global (tidak ada batasan batas politik seperti itu).

· Biaya pengaturan sangat rendah.

· Ini menyediakan teknologi yang ramah pengguna.

· Menawarkan beberapa peluang secara paralel dan simultan.

· Ini menyediakan fasilitas hemat untuk mempromosikan dan memasarkan bisnis.

· Memiliki fitur untuk menawarkan fasilitas riset pasar.

· Itu membuat manajemen hubungan pelanggan lebih mudah.

· Ini memfasilitasi penyediaan layanan perawatan pelanggan 24 × 7.

· Ini menyediakan fasilitas transfer dana di dalam negeri maupun internasional dengan langkah-langkah sederhana.

Computer Related Jobs




The fast computerization of every work and gradual dependency on computer based work has exponentially opened a new arena of Information technology for employment.

However, the IT field requires qualified and trained employees who can design and develop a new information system.

Information technology has also helped in research and development and has further developed new technologies. The IT employees emphasize on planning, designing, developing, managing the work, and providing technical support to various users.

Types of Computer Related Jobs
In recent times, a number of jobs have come up that are done with the assistance of computer. We will discuss the different job titles performing computer related jobs −

Programmer
A person who is qualified enough to write a creative code for the computer program is known as Programmer.

The codes written by programmer are the instructions given to the computer over what to do, how to do, when to do, etc.

Description: Programmer

There are dozens of languages, which are written by the different programmers. E.g. Java, C, C++, python, Ajax, etc.

System Analyst
The job of a system analyst is highly classified and also very crucial.

A system analyst fundamentally designs, develops, and implements new systems or adds some additional features in the existing system to give instructions to perform additional tasks.

System analyst also specializes in fields such as engineering, science & technology, finance, business, accounting, etc.

Database Administrator
A database administrator or simply DBA is a trained person who is accountable for the storage of and management of the database system.

Network Administrator
Computer networking is another specialized field where a qualified person is required.

A network administrator specializes in installing, configuring, and supporting computer network system. Likewise, he manages the local area network, wide area network, the Internet system or the segment of a network system in the respective organization.

The job of a network administrator is a very crucial one as almost every network in an organization requires at least one network administrator.

Web Designers
A web designer is an architect who designs an effective and communicative website.

He places the images, contents, and other such information on right places to make the website interactive and user friendly.

Information Security Analysts
This is one of the most significant jobs under which an Information Security Analyst designs, implements, and supports the security system of a computer or whole network.

Operating System


An operating system is the fundamental basis of all other application programs. Operating system is an intermediary between the users and the hardware.

Operating system controls and coordinates the use of hardware among application programs. The major services of an operating system are −

Memory management
Disk access
Creating user interface
Managing the different programs operating parallel
Likewise, it controls and manage the hardware’s working
Description: Operating System

Applications of Operating System
Following are the major applications of an operating system −

· An operating system is accountable for the formation and deletion of files and directories.

· An operating system manages the process of deletion, suspension, resumption, and synchronization.

· An operating system manages memory space by allocation and de-allocation.

· An operating system stores, organizes, and names and protects the existing files.

· Further, an operating system manages all the components and devices of the computers system including modems, printers, plotters, etc.

· In case, if any device fails, the operating system detects and notify.

· An operating system protects from destruction as well as from unauthorized use.

· An operating system facilitates the interface to user and hardware.

Types of Operating System
Following are the major types of operating system −

Disk Operating System (DOS)
Windows Operating System
Unix Operating System
Let us now discuss each operating system in detail.

Disk Operating System
MS-DOS is one of the oldest and widely used operating system. DOS is a set of computer programs, the major functions of which are file management, allocation of system resources, providing essential features to control hardware devices.

DOS commands can be typed in either upper case or lower case.

Features of DOS
Following are the significant features of DOS −

It is a single user system.
It controls program.
It is machine independence.
It manages (computer) files.
It manages input and output system.
It manages (computer) memory.
It provides command processing facilities.
It operates with Assembler.
Types of DOS Commands
Following are the major types of DOS Command −

· Internal Commands − Commands such as DEL, COPY, TYPE, etc. are the internal commands that remain stored in computer memory.

· External Commands − Commands like FORMAT, DISKCOPY, etc. are the external commands and remain stored on the disk.

Windows Operating System
The operating system window is the extension of the disk operating system.

It is the most pop**ar and simplest operating system; it can be used by any person who can read and understand basic English, as it does not require any special training.

However, the Windows Operating System requires DOS to run the various application programs initially. Because of this reason, DOS should be installed into the memory and then window can be executed.

Elements of Windows OS
Following are the significant element of Windows Operating System (WOS) −

Graphical User Interface
Icons (pictures, documents, application, program icons, etc.)
Taskbar
Start button
Windows explorer
Mouse button
Hardware compatibility
Software compatibility
Help, etc.
Versions of Windows Operating System
Following are the different versions of Windows Operating System −

Version

Year

Version

Year

Window 1.01

1985

Windows XP Professional x64

2005

Windows NT 3.1

1993

Windows Vista

2007

Windows 95

1995

Windows 7

2009

Windows 98

1998

Windows 8

2012

Windows 2000

2000

Windows 10

2015

Windows ME

2000

Windows Server 2016

2016

Windows XP

2001

Unix Operating System
The Unix Operating System is the earliest operating system developed in 1970s. Let us consider the following points relating to the Unix Operating System −

· It is an operating system that has multitasking features.

· It has multiuser computer operating systems.

· It runs practically on every sort of hardware and provides stimulus to the open source movement.

· It has comparative complex functionality and hence an untrained user cannot use it; only the one who has taken training can use this system.

· Another drawback of this system is, it does not give notice or warn about the consequences of a user’s action (whether user’s action is right or wrong).