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➡️➡️⚕️Spina bifida also known as a neural tube defect. It occurs during development prior to birth. It’s when the spinal cord, brain, or meninges (their protective covering) does not completely develop. It can be anywhere along the spine and usually can be seen in an opening in the baby’s back at birth. It may also appear as a sack of fluid that has grown outside the body on the spine. This sack may or may not include the spinal cord inside.

🔷Types of spina bifida
There are three types of spina bifida: myelomeningocele, meningocele, and spina bifida occulta.

1️⃣Myelomeningocele ;
This is the most common and serious type of spina bifida. It involves a sack outside the opening in the baby’s back somewhere on the spine. This sack contains parts of the spinal cord and nerves. The spinal cord and nerves in the sack will be damaged.

People with myelomeningocele have physical disabilities that range from moderate to severe.

2️⃣Meningocele ;
This type of spina bifida also involves a sack of fluid outside an opening in the baby’s back. However, the sack does not contain any part of the spinal cord. Because there isn’t a lot of nerve damage, meningocele causes only minor disabilities.

3️⃣Spina Bifida Occulta ;
This is a mild type of spina bifida. It may also go by the term “hidden” spina bifida. It does not cause any disabilities and may go unnoticed until later in life. There is usually no opening in the baby’s back, but only a gap in the spine. In this type, there is no damage to the spinal cord or the nerves.

☑️Abnormal movement of the shoulder blade (scapula) is known as scapula dyskinesis. This occurs in a variety of shoulder problems.

➡️Type 1 - Infero-medial scapula border prominence
This becomes more evident in the cocking position of overhead sports. It is often associated with tightness at the anterior side of the shoulder (in flexibility of the pectoralis major/ minor muscles) and weakness of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles.

➡️Type 2 - Medial border prominence
This pattern is winging of the entire medial border of the scapula at rest. It becomes more prominent in the cocking position and after repetitive elevation of the upper extremity. It is caused by fatigue of the scapula stabilising muscles (trapezius and rhomboids).

➡️Type 3 - supero-medial border prominence
This type of dyskinesis is displayed as a prominence of the superior medial border of the scapula and often associated with impingement and rotator cuff injury.

➡️Buerger’s disease, also called thromboangiitis obliterans, is an inflammation of small- and medium-sized blood vessels. Although any artery can be affected, it usually presents with blockages of the arteries to the feet and hands, leading to pain and tissue damage.
This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene. Buerger's disease usually first shows in your hands and feet and may eventually affect larger areas of your arms and legs.

➡️Symptoms :

-Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet.
-Pale, reddish or blue-tinted hands or feet.
-Pain that may come and go in your legs and feet or in your arms and hands. -This pain may occur when you use your hands or feet and eases when you stop that activity (claudication), or when you're at rest.
-Inflammation along a vein just below the skin's surface (due to a blood clot in the vein).
-Fingers and toes that turn pale when exposed to cold (Raynaud's phenomenon).
-Painful open sores on your fingers and toes.

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