Emerging Physios

Ans C - Brachialis

Why? 🤔
👉🏻 In the elbow, heterotopic bone most often develops in the brachialis muscle or joint capsule.

🔹The most frequently involved sites for Myositis ossificans are the elbow region and thigh.

🔸Causes of Myositis ossificans:
1.Trauma: such as a
✔️comminuted fracture of the radial head,
✔️ Fracture-dislocation (supracondylar or radial head fracture) of the elbow, or
✔️Tear of the brachialis tendon

2. Neurological impairments:
✔️Specifically traumatic brain injury or spinal cord injury, and patients with burns to the extremities are also prone to develop this complication.

3. After trauma:
✔️Aggressive stretching of the elbow flexors after injury and a period of immobilization.

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Ans A - Vestibulospinal tract

Why? 🤔

👉Extensor tone against gravity is required by the postural muscle, so that posture is maintained for longer periods.

The lateral vestibulospinal tract descends to all levels of the spinal cord and gives important contributions to postural control and movements of the head (facilitates axial extensors; inhibits axial flexors)

🔹 Whereas; The pontine (medial) reticulospinal tract enhances spinal cord antigravity reflexes and extensor tone of lower limbs.

🔸 So, in whole; the Ventromedial pathways (i.e., vestibulospinal tracts, tectospinal tract, and pontine and medullary reticulospinal tracts) are involved in the control of posture and locomotion.

💠 The medial vestibulospinal tract - also involved in coordinated head and eye movements.

💠 The medullary (lateral) reticulospinal tract - has the opposite effect, reducing antigravity control.

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Ans C - Anterior talofibular ligament.

Why?🤔

👉Ankle sprains most commonly involve injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL).

🔹The most commonly injured ligament is the anterior talofibular. Injury to this ligament results in swelling and pain on the outside of the ankle. If the force is more severe, the calcaneofibular ligament is also damaged. The posterior talofibular ligament is less likely to be damaged.

🔸Due to its low ultimate load and the anatomical positions of origins and insertions, the ATFL is most commonly injured in a lateral ankle sprain. The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation between the bottom of the talus and the calcaneus.

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