VHTC

Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Energy bands in solids (conductors, insulators, semiconductors).
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
p-n junction diode and its applications (LED, solar cells, rectifiers).
Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) and Boolean algebra.

Chapter 13: Nuclei

Nuclear composition and mass defect.
Radioactive decay and its types.
Nuclear fission and fusion.

Chapter 10: Wave Optics

Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment.
Diffraction and its types.
Polarization and its practical applications.

Chapter 7: Alternating Current

Alternating current (AC) and its characteristics.
Reactance, impedance, and resonance.
Working of transformers and power transmission.

Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter

Earth’s magnetism and its components.
Magnetic properties of materials.
Hysteresis and magnetic susceptibility.