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Resistance is a measure of how much a material or component opposes the flow of electric current through it.

It is denoted by the symbol R and measured in ohms (Ω).

Mathematically, resistance is defined using Ohm’s Law as:

R = v/I

where:

R= resistance (in ohms, Ω)

V = voltage across the material (in volts, V)

I = current through the material (in amperes, A)

In simple terms:
Resistance determines how easily current can pass through a conductor — a higher resistance means less current flows for a given voltage.

Example:

A metal wire has low resistance (current flows easily).

A rubber band has high resistance (current hardly flows).

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