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First s*xually transmitted confirmed in Spain

Spanish health authorities confirmed on Friday (Nov 9) a case of a man spreading dengue through s*x, a world first for a virus which until recently was thought to be transmitted only by mosquitoes.

The case concerns a 41-year-old man from Madrid who contracted dengue after having s*x with his male partner who picked up the virus from a mosquito bite during a trip to Cuba, said Susana Jimenez of the Madrid region's public health department.

His dengue infection was confirmed in September and it puzzled doctors because he had not travelled to a country where the disease, which causes severe flu-like symptoms such as high fever and body aches, is common, she added.

"His partner presented the same symptoms as him but lighter around ten days earlier, and he had previously visited Cuba and the Dominican Republic," Jimenez said.

"An analysis of their s***m was carried out and it revealed that not only did they have dengue but that it was exactly the same virus which circulates in Cuba."

A "likely" case of s*xual transmission of dengue between a man and a woman was the subject of a recent scientific article in South Korea, Jimenez said.

In an e-mail sent to AFP, the Stockholm-based European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), which monitors health and disease in Europe, said this was "to our knowledge, the first s*xual transmission of the dengue virus among men who have s*x with men".

According to the World Health Organization's website, dengue is transmitted mainly by the Aedes Aegypti mosquito, which thrives in densely-populated tropical climates and breeds in stagnant pools of water.

It is most serious - and deadly - in children, especially young girls though scientists do not know why.

Story Source: ChannelNewsAsia
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Scientists 3D-Printed Living Skin, Complete With Blood Vessels

Researchers from the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, claim to have 3D-printed skin that’s alive and has blood vessels.

The new technique could greatly accelerate the healing process for patients who require skin grafts, such as burn victims.

“Right now, whatever is available as a clinical product is more like a fancy Band-Aid,” lead researcher Pankaj Karande, a chemical engineering professor at the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, said in a statement. “It provides some accelerated wound healing, but eventually it just falls off; it never really integrates with the host cells.”

In a paper published in the journal Tissue Engineering Part A on Monday, the researchers detail how they added cells crucial to the development of blood vessels to animal collagen inside a complex network of 3D-printed tissues, which prompted the cells to form a vascular structure within weeks.

“We were pleasantly surprised to find that, once we start approaching [the complexity of recreating biology], biology takes over and starts getting closer and closer to what exists in nature,” Karande said.

Their 3D-printed skin even began to connect and communicate with a mouse’s blood vessels in an animal trial. But that doesn’t mean it’s ready for use on human patients on a clinical level just yet. Donor cells would have to be modified using gene-editing techniques such as CRISPR to stop the host’s body from rejecting the graft.

Still, it’s a clever solution that lets the body do what it does naturally — but with a little help up front.

Story Source: Futurism.com
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Doctors Just Live streamed a Brain Surgery on Facebook, And The Patient Was Awake

American doctors performed surgery on a woman’s brain — while thousands of people watched on Facebook Live.

Jenna Schardt was the person under the knife — and in the spotlight — during the livestreamed brain surgery at Methodist Dallas Medical Center. She needed a mass of seizure-causing blood vessels removed from her brain, and when the hospital approached her about streaming the procedure via Facebook Live, she was more than willing.

“Jenna wanted to show the rest of the community if you have this problem you can fix it,” , the hospital’s chief of neurosurgery, told The Guardian. “She was a role model for us, and we supported her because of that.”

The stream didn’t show any of the bloody bits of the surgery, as that could have violated Facebook’s policy against streaming graphic content. But it did show Schardt awake in the middle of the procedure.

Thankfully, that wasn’t an accident caused by too little anesthesia — the surgeons needed their patient to be awake so they could ensure they didn’t disrupt any parts of her brain responsible for speech or movement.

“If we go into the wrong spot, that could cost her the ability to speak, so that’s why we have to map out the speech areas first before we go on,” Bartley Mitchell, Schardt’s neurosurgeon, told NBC News. “We have to physically map them out on the brain while she’s awake and talking to us.”

The Guardian noted that the 45-minute-long video racked up more than 45,000 views and 1,000 comments by the time it ended — and based on some of those comments, Schardt’s experience did help others, just as she had wanted.

Source: Futurism.com
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What Is Aspirin — And Should You Take It Daily?

Most of us have used aspirin at some point in our lives, but have you ever stopped to think of how the little white pill is so effective at reducing pain? Luckily the team at How Stuff Works recently put together a YouTube video to help explain the science behind this widely popular drug.

Although aspirin is a fairly new medical marvel, the drug itself is derived from the willow plant, which has been used as a painkiller for at least the past 6,000 years. As explained by How Stuff Works, it wasn’t until scientists worked on extracting and purifying the active ingredient in willow, salicin, that aspirin started to become what we know today.

In our digestive tract, salicin is broken into salicylic acid, which helps to reduce pain and inflammation. German scientists were able to synthesize this on a large scale, but unfortunately it was very hard on the stomach lining. Aspirin was created as a less acidic version of synthetic salicylic acid.

Pain is necessary, as it acts as a warning of danger, but it is unnecessary for us to be in constant pain once the danger of the injury has passed. In addition, some pain is not a result of injury and is unavoidable, such as menstrual cramps or headaches. Aspirin works by latching onto molecules which carry the pain sensations to the brain, alerting it to the injury. As a result, the brain registers less pain and there is also less of an inflammatory response.

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