Medical Laboratory Technology

is a combination vaccine that protects against five major potentially deadly childhood diseases:

1.
2. (Whooping Cough)
3.
4.
5. (Hib)

Key Points:
Formulation: It combines DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus), Hepatitis B, and Hib into a single shot.

Schedule in India (as per the Universal Immunization Programme - UIP):

Pentavalent Vaccine Schedule (3 doses):
1. 6 weeks – Pentavalent-1
2. 10 weeks – Pentavalent-2
3. 14 weeks – Pentavalent-3

Follow-up Boosters (2 more doses):
4. 16–24 months – DPT + Hib booster (Not pentavalent, but protects against the same diseases except Hep B)
5. 5–6 years – DPT booster (Continued protection against Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus)

So:
3 doses of Pentavalent vaccine directly.
2 booster doses for extended protection (DPT & Hib).

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Dose No. Age . Vaccine Given. Diseases Covered

1. 6 weeks Pentavalent-1 Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hep B, Hib
2. 10 weeks Pentavalent-2 Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hep B, Hib
3. 14 weeks Pentavalent-3 Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hep B, Hib
4. (Booster) 16–24 months DPT + Hib Booster Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hib
5. (Booster) 5–6 years DPT Booster Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

> ✅ Note: The Hepatitis B birth dose is a separate injection given within 24 hours of birth and is not part of the pentavalent doses.
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Benefits:
Reduces the number of injections a child receives.
Improves vaccination coverage and compliance.
Protects against serious diseases that can cause death or long-term disabilities.

Side Effects:

Mild fever
Pain/swelling at the injection site
Irritability or drowsiness
Severe allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention.
゚viralシ

゚viralシ Medical Laboratory Technology

(White Blood Cell) Total Count is a common hematology test performed in the laboratory to measure the total number of white blood cells in a blood sample. It helps assess the immune system and detect infections, inflammation, allergies, blood cancers, and other medical conditions.

Purpose of WBC Total Count:
Detect infections (elevated WBC)
Monitor bone marrow function
Detect leukopenia (low WBC) or leukocytosis (high WBC)
Aid diagnosis of diseases like leukemia or immune disorders

Normal Reference Range:
Adults: 4,000 – 11,000 cells/µL (4.0 – 11.0 × 10⁹/L)
Children: Slightly higher ranges depending on age

Sample Required:
Anticoagulated venous blood (commonly in an EDTA tube)

Methods of Estimation:
1. Manual Method (Hemocytometer/Neubauer Chamber):
Blood is diluted (usually with Turk’s fluid or acetic acid solution).
Count is done under a microscope using a hemocytometer.

Formula used:

WBC Count - Nuber of cels counted x Dilution factor x 10 /Number of squares counted

2. Automated Hematology Analyzer:
Most commonly used in modern labs.
Rapid and more accurate.
Uses flow cytometry or impedance methods.

Interpreting Results:

Condition. WBC Count. Possible Causes

Leukocytosis 11,000/uL. Infection,inflammation,leukemia
Leukopenia.