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Arthroscopic Surgery is the most common orthopedic process, which helps in diagnosing and treating joint problems such as in the knee, ankle, shoulder, hip, and elbow. The term "arthroscopy" is a combination of two Greek terms - 'arthro' means joint and ‘scope’ means look. Arthroscopic surgery helps examine the inside of a joint. During the surgery, a small camera and optical fiber are inserted inside the affected joint through incisions. Obtained images are then projected onto a display screen.

ACL Surgery:

A healthy ACL holds the knee bones together and keeps it stable. ACL and Anterior Cruciate Ligament damages are common among athletes. ACL gets injured when it is stretched or shredded with sudden movement during the activities. An injured ACL can affect one’s daily life as the knee becomes weak to tolerate the pressure making it difficult for a person to play sports or to even walk. Minor injuries to ACL heal over time with some medications and somatic therapies. However, serious injury needs a replacement for the ACL, especially for athletes and young people who are more active. Elderly people are suggested treatments instead of surgery as they are less active. During the surgery, the torn or injured ligament is replaced with a new tissue to stabilize the injured knee. Arthroscopic surgery is typically used by the surgeons for the treatment of one’s ACL.

PCL Surgery:

The toughest ligament that exists in the knee is the PCL or Posterior Cruciate Ligament. Around 20% of the knee injuries are of injured PCL. It is placed in the back or rear of the knee. An injured PCL makes it difficult for the patient to perform the most basic activities like descending stairs, walking (they walk really slowly), turning or bending activities, swollen knee, and unstable knee. PCL injuries are classified as per their severity. There are in general three grades: first-grade injuries are categorized as minor tear of PCL, second-grade injuries have substantially torn PCL, and third grade PCL injuries have non-functional or completely torn PCL. The surgery is usually given when the patient has a third-grade injury to the PCL. The first two grade injuries can be treated with fewer medications and therapies.

Meniscus Surgery:

Menisci is the cartilage responsible for absorbing shock from the bones and stabilizing the knee. This cartilage is prone to injuries in most athletes who participate in contact sports (sports which involve direct physical contact between players). But it can also get injured while lifting heavy weights, squatting or kneeling. An injured meniscus makes it difficult to twist the knee or straighten the legs. A minor injury (grade one or two) of the meniscus is usually treated with medications and physical therapies but severity (grade three) and the location of the injury decides if the patient needs surgery or not. One might go through some lab tests before the doctor recommends for the surgery. There are three types of surgeries available for Meniscus depending upon the severity of the injury:

Arthroscopic surgery

Arthroscopic partial or fractional meniscectomy

Arthroscopic complete or total meniscectomy

Benefits of Knee Arthroscopy Surgeries:

Arthroscopic Surgery involves less introduction of instruments into the body than open surgeries. Hence, it is less invasive.

It heals much faster.

The post-surgical phase is less painful in Arthroscopic Surgeries than in any other form.

Decreases the risk of infection and there are fewer sutures as there are minor cuts/ incisions made for the surgery.

Less damage to the skin and tissue.

Do you wake up in the morning feeling like a log? Do you feel so irritated to move around with all the pain that you wish the day never started? People affected with disorders such as arthritis, rheumatism and fibromyalgia (a pain disorder which affects the soft tissue and the muscles in the body) are the most vulnerable to such kind of pain. Body stiffness in the morning can make it difficult for you to get out of the bed and go about your work for the day.

Here are some causes that may lead to such a condition:

Not exercising on a regular basis
Obesity
An unhealthy diet which does not provide you with all the necessary nutrients
Living in a damp and cold environment can stiffen up those muscles, contributing to this condition.
A bad sleeping posture such as sleeping on your side can reduce the flow of blood to the concerned muscles, leading to early morning body ache.
Tips to get rid of it?
You can follow these tips to get your body up and about in the morning, right from the time you wake up:

The first tip to get rid of morning stiffness is to get the required amount of sleep. The recommended amount is 6-8 hours of regular sleep. Avoid distractions such as the glare from the slickest smartphone you recently bought, or another mindless episode of Quantico on your TV set.
Stretch your body before you go to sleep; a proper stretching routine will help loosen up the muscles and reduce stress from the body.
Remember, cold aggravates almost any kind of pain. So, if the room is cold or damp, use heaters or blankets to make sure that you are not affected by the cold.
Taking a hot shower before going to bed is a very good way to relax your muscles and also promote better blood circulation.
You need to keep yourself hydrated; so drink at least 2-3 liters of water regularly. Dehydration can lead to body cramps that can prevent you from getting a good night’s sleep, a factor which will most certainly add to your morning fatigue and pain.
Eat a healthy diet which consists of vegetables and fruits. Avoid eating too much carbohydrates as it can overload your system.
Avoid or at least limit stress: Make use of relaxation techniques such as meditation to manage stress effectively. Meditating early in the morning can set the tone for the day.
Get regular exercise as it promotes stronger muscles and keeps your body free from almost all kinds of pain. But make sure not to overstrain those muscles as that can add to a separate set of worries for you. Try not to exercise if you find the pain really troublesome and bothering; rather, let it subside before you resume with your exercises.

do u required knee replacement.?
knee replacement how physiotherapist help ?

Knee is a hinge joint where the lower leg bone tibia meets the thigh bone femur. During osteoarthritis, cartilage or ligament defects and degenerative arthritis, knee replacement surgery is recommended world-wide to get relief from extreme pain. Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroscopy, is a surgical procedure, in which the affected knee joint is replaced with synthetic material. The most likely candidates for total knee replacement are the patients with severe destruction of the knee joint coupled with progressive pain and impaired function.

Modern technological advances have made computer assisted knee replacement surgery extremely popular around the globe. In this surgery, the surgeon is assisted by a computer to remove the optimum amount and angle of the bone, which otherwise is done by inspecting manually. This is an excellent example of surgery through small incision and it eliminates the chances of human error. A perfect alignment and balance is achieved and hence longevity is also increased to 20 - 30 years. Knee replacement surgery is also specific to gender as the anatomy of male and female patients is different.

There are many types of knee replacements, most common being the total knee replacement or Total Knee Arthroplasty. In addition, there is partial knee replacement, bilateral knee replacement, revision knee replacement and knee arthroscopy.

In knee replacement surgery, the worn out surfaces of joints of knee are replaced with artificial implant of plastic and metal. The lower end of the femur bone is removed and replaced with a metal shell. The upper end of the lower leg bone (tibia) is also removed and replaced with a channelled plastic implant with a metal stem. A plastic ball is also added under the kneecap depending on its condition. These artificial components are commonly referred as prosthesis. The design of these highly flexible implants replicate knee, with the rotating knee replacement implants assist in backward and forward swing of the legs.

Patients whose knee joints have been damaged by either trauma or progressive arthritis should consider total knee replacement surgery. Post-surgical hospital stay after knee joint replacement is usually three to five days. The surgery has a very high success rate and shows dramatic improvement after a month. This improvement is most notable one month or more after surgery. The pain caused by the damaged joint is reduced significantly when the new gliding surface is constructed during surgery. Initially, patient will walk with the help of a walking aid until the knee is able to support full body weight. After six weeks, patient can walk comfortably with minimal assistance. Patients with artificial joints are prescribed to take antibiotics during the course of any elective invasive procedures including dental work. Physiotherapy is an essential part of rehabilitation and it will increase the muscle strength and patient can enjoy most activities, except running and jumping.

One of the most common neurological conditions men and women suffer from is a headache. Headaches usually vary in terms of location, intensity and duration and may be treated with simple home remedies or over the counter medications. One of the most renowned types of headache is known as a migraine. Other common types of headaches include sinus headaches and tension headaches.

1)Migraines:
Migraines are very painful headaches that may be accompanied by a feeling of nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light and a pounding pain in the head. They are caused by a change in concentration of neurotransmitters in the brain which in turn make blood vessels expand thereby bringing on a migraine.

2)Tension headaches:
The pain of a tension headache is considered mild or moderate in comparison to migraines. This type of headache is characterised by throbbing pain on both sides of the head and pain in the neck and behind the eyes. Tension headaches are caused by the contraction of muscles in the head and neck.

3)Cluster headaches:
Cluster headaches are characterised by a series of short yet intense headaches that may occur every day or several weeks or months. In most cases, they recur on a seasonal basis i.e., people tend to get them at the same time of the year. The pain caused by cluster headaches may be more severe than that of a migraine but these headaches do not last as long. They are caused by the activation of a specific nerve pathway that is responsible for facial sensations. Cluster headaches are the most uncommon type of headaches.
Rebound headaches: In most cases, a headache can be cured with over the counter remedies. However, excessive or incorrect use of these medications can cause a rebound headache. These medications may trigger another headache when their effect wears off. This makes the person retake the medicine leading to a vicious cycle. Rebound headaches are most often caused by medicines that contain caffeine.

4)Secondary headaches: While the above types of headaches are categorised as primary headaches, a headache that is caused by another condition is known as a secondary headache. Secondary headaches are commonly caused by severe hypertension, sinusitis, pharyngitis and other types of head trauma. Tumours, subdural hematoma or other conditions that take up space in the head can also cause secondary headaches. Secondary headaches are a greater cause for concern than primary headaches and should not be ignored.

All above head is curable with PEMF ( pulsed electro magnetic frequency) machine therapy.This is available at priorfit clinic.

Heel pain is a common problem in the body where the affected person experiences pain radiating from the heel bone. Heel pain usually progresses slowly over time, it is recommended to consult a medical professional, if heel pain turns severe. The pain tends to most severe after one has been inactive for some time such as after waking up in the morning.

Causes

Heel pain is usually caused when tissues present in the bottom of the heel (Plantar fascia) is damaged. These tissues connect the heel bone with the bones of the feet and help in absorbing shocks. Tears are formed in these tissues when they are damaged or when they get thicker. These tissues are at an increased risk of wear and tear for those who are over 45 years old. The risks also tend to increase if the person is obese or whose occupation requires standing for lengthy periods of time.
Among other causes of heel pain are heel bone fractures, fat pad atrophy (a condition where a layer of fat present under the heel bone is reduced) and bursitis (inflammation of the fluid filled sacs present around the joints). Peripheral neuropathy is a condition where damage occurs in the peripheral nerves (that transmits signals between the central nervous system and the rest of the body), this can cause pain in the heel.

Symptoms

The symptoms of heel pain include:

1. Experiencing pain while jogging or walking
2. A feeling of pins pricking the heels after waking up in the morning
3. Inability to bend the heel
4. Painful swelling
5. Pain in the heel accompanied by fever

Prevention and treatment

Heel pain can be prevented by taking certain preventive measures such as restricting usage of high heeled shoes without proper support and stretching the heel regularly. Medications such as painkillers are used to treat symptoms of heel pain.