Interior Del Hogar

*Types of Plumbing Fixtures – Based on Material*

(Plumbing fixtures = WC, wash basin, urinal, sink, faucets, shower fittings, cisterns, etc.)

1️⃣ *Ceramic / Vitreous China (Most Common)*

📌 Used For
• Water closets (WC)
• Wash basins
• Urinals
• Bidets

*Advantages*
• Non-porous glazed surface
• Hygienic and easy to clean
• Excellent stain resistance
• Long life (20–30+ years)
• Scratch resistant
• Colour stable

*Disadvantages*
• Brittle (can crack on impact)
• Heavy
• Difficult repair once damaged

Relevant IS Codes
IS 2556 (Part 1 to 14) – Vitreous sanitary appliances
IS 771 – Glazing requirements

2️⃣ *Plastic Fixtures (PP / PVC / ABS)*

Used For
• Cistern tanks
• Health faucets
• Shower heads
• Flush tanks
• Low-cost basins

Materials:
• Polypropylene (PP)
• PVC
• ABS plastic

*Advantages*
• Lightweight
• Economical
• Corrosion resistant
• Easy installation
• No rusting

*Disadvantages*
• Lower durability
• UV degradation possible
• Surface scratches easily
• Looks less premium

Relevant IS Codes
IS 7231 – Plastic flushing cisterns
IS 9763 – Plastic toilet seats & covers

3️⃣ *Stainless Steel Fixtures*

Used For
• Kitchen sinks
• Hospital wash stations
• Industrial wash basins
• Public toilets

Grades:
• SS 304 (common)
• SS 316 (corrosion resistant)

*Advantages*
• Very strong
• Impact resistant
• Hygienic (hospital preferred)
• Rust resistant
• Lightweight compared to ceramic

*Disadvantages*
• Can dent
• Water marks visible
• Noisy during use
• Premium cost (good grade)

Relevant Standards
IS 13983 – Stainless steel sinks
(Material grade as per IS 6911 / ASTM A240)

4️⃣ *CP Brass (Chrome Plated Brass Fixtures)*

Used For
• Faucets
• Mixers
• Angle valves
• Shower fittings

Base material:
Brass body + Chrome plating.

*Advantages*
• Strong and durable
• Corrosion resistant
• Premium finish
• Handles pressure well
• Repairable

*Disadvantages*
• Costlier than plastic
• Chrome plating quality varies
• Hard water spotting

Relevant IS Codes
IS 8931 – CP brass fittings for water supply
IS 1264 – Water taps & stop valves

*Advanced Development in Piping Systems*

Now a days piping systems are developed to next level very specific as per utilisation , depending on specific use pipes can be used and systems can be designed accordingly.

*Here is list of few specialised pipes and systems*

1️⃣ *Anti-Biofilm Pipes* – Designed to prevent microbial film formation on inner pipe surfaces.
2️⃣ *Photocatalytic / Self-Disinfecting Coatings*– Use materials like titanium dioxide to break down bacteria when exposed to light.
3️⃣ *Anti-Scaling / Anti-Fouling Pipes* – Special inner surfaces reduce mineral deposition and scaling.
4️⃣ *Low-Adhesion Surface Engineered Pipes* – Modified surface chemistry to reduce bacterial attachment.
5️⃣ *Legionella-Control Oriented Systems* – Designed plumbing systems with circulation and temperature control to prevent bacterial growth.
6️⃣ *Nano-Silver Enhanced Polymers* – Controlled silver ion release for longer antimicrobial performance.
7️⃣ *Multi-Layer Barrier Pipes (EVOH Layer)* – Prevent oxygen pe*******on and protect connected metal components from corrosion.
8️⃣ *UV-Integrated Water Systems* – UV disinfection units installed with piping systems for continuous sterilization.
9️⃣ *Antistatic / Conductive Pipes* – Prevent static charge buildup in industrial applications.

*Disclaimer- All data and information provided herein are for informational purposes only. All rights and credits belong to their respective owners*

*PRACTICAL WAYS TO AVOID AIR ENTRAPMENT (MOST IMPORTANT)*
1. One-Direction Combing Rule (NON-NEGOTIABLE)
*What to do*
• Comb adhesive only in one straight direction
• Never swirl or cross-comb
*Why it works*
• Allows air to escape sideways when tile is pressed
📌 This single practice reduces hollow sound by 50%.
2. Correct Notch Size Selection
Tile Size
Recommended Notch
300×300. 6–8 mm
600×600. 10–12 mm
600×1200+. 12mm(minimum)
*Why*
•Insufficient adhesive = uncollapsed ridges = air pockets
3. Mandatory Back-Buttering (Large / Low Absorption Tiles)
*How*
• Apply a thin skim coat of adhesive on tile back
• Fill ribs/keys fully
*Why*
• Eliminates voids caused by tile back profile
• Ensures near-100% contact
📌 Back-buttering is compulsory for vitrified & large format tiles.
Press + Slide Method (NOT Just Press)

4. Press + Slide Method (NOT Just Press)
*Correct Method*
1. Place tile gently on adhesive
2. Slide tile 10–15 mm perpendicular to ridge direction
3. Press firmly
*Why*
• Collapses ridges
• Pushes trapped air out
❌ Vertical pressing alone traps air.
SITE “DO & DON’T” QUICK LIST

✅ DO

✔ Comb adhesive in one direction
✔ Back-butter large & vitrified tiles
✔ Slide tiles after placing
✔ Check coverage regularly

❌ DON’T

❌ Swirl adhesive
❌ Use undersized notch
❌ Re-temper adhesive
❌ Walk on tiles early


*Disclaimer- All data and information provided herein are for informational purposes only. All rights and credits belong to their respective owners*

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