LexiLit-Nature

'A generous heart is higher than the highest hill.' © LexiLit-Nature
LexiLit-Nature

Gerund
A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun.

🧩 Roles of a Gerund:
It can serve as:
1. The subject of a sentence
→ Hiking is good for both body and mind.
2. The object of a verb
→ I enjoy swimming.
3. The object of a preposition
→ He is good at running.
4. A subject complement
→ My passion is writing.

---

🔄 Gerund vs. Present Participle:
- I am reading a newspaper.
👉 Here, reading is a present participle.
- Reading newspapers is good for knowledge.
👉👉 Here, reading is a gerund functioning as the subject.

---

✨ Gerundial Phrases:
A gerund phrase can act as the headword of a subject:
→ Running a marathon is not for those who are untrained.
In this example, running a marathon functions as a gerundial phrase.

LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs are formed when a main verb is combined with a particle (a preposition or adverb), producing an idiomatic meaning that differs from the verb on its own.
Phrasal verbs are tricky because they often carry multiple, non-literal meanings and follow specific grammatical rules—such as whether the verb and particle can be separated.

Examples:
Make+up = make up meaning to invent something
Make up: to apply cosmetics to one's face
Break down: to stop working
Break down: to become upset

LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Daily Vocabulary
Ebullient (adj)
Meaning: Overflowing with fervour or enthusiasm; highly spirited.
Synonyms: Exuberant, Joyous
Antonyms: Apathetic, Subdued, spiritless.
Origin: This word originated from the Latin word 'ebullire' meaning to bubble out. Related to the Latin word bulla meaning bubble.
Examples: In Lung CT scan reports there appears many bullas in his lung.
LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

English Words without A, E, I, O, U.
Cry
Gym
Lymph
Myth
Rhythm
Crypt
Shy
Try
Spy
Sylph
In these words vowels are invisible but Y in them has made a duty of vowel sound. © LexiLit-Nature
LexiLit-Nature

"After flowers the rings are the most attractive objects in the world. Flowers keep close but rings fasten. Flowers make love and rings make promises. Flowers touch us with a sweet smell but rings touch us with loyalty." LexiLit-Nature
LexiLit-Nature

Relative Pronoun (Part A)

A relative pronoun introduces a relative clause, which provides additional information about a noun without starting a new sentence. Common relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, and that.
🔍 Usage:
👉 Who – refers to people (used as a subject)
Example: The artist who painted this has won a prize.

👉 Whom – refers to people (used as an object)
Example: The writer whom I admire has sent me this book.

👉 Whose – shows possession
Example: The designer whose work you love is coming here tonight.

👉 Which – refers to things or animals
Example: The plant, which needs little water, is ideal for dry spaces.

👉 That – refers to people or things (used in defining clauses only)
Example: The style that made Francis unique is aphorism in his essays.

LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Tall vs High
Use tall for things that are higher than they are wide.
👉 Network tower, chimneys, ladders, poles, Burj Khalifa
Use tall for things like
👉 Trees, plants, grass
Use tall for specific measurements as in
👉 Statue of liberty

High
Use high for things that are wider than they are tall / large natural things far above the ground.
👉 Mountains, hills, ceiling, shelf.
Use High for things that are long way above the ground
👉 Plane, helicopter
Use high for things that is about abstract concept or levels
👉 quality, temperature
LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Interrogative Adjectives vs. Interrogative Pronouns

🔑'What', 'which', and 'whose' can function as both adjectives and pronouns.

👉When immediately followed by a noun, they function as interrogative adjectives.
👉When not followed by a noun, they function as interrogative pronouns.
🔹 To remember: All interrogative adjectives are question words, but not all question words are interrogative adjectives.
Examples:
- "Which pen do you want?"
→ “Which” is an adjective modifying the noun “pen.”

- "Which is your pen?"
→ “Which” functions as a pronoun—it replaces the noun instead of modifying it.
LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Remember 👉
'Your' is determiner.
'Yours' is pronoun.
Don't forget to use indirect object after 'tell.'
Say 'Lucy told Julie that she was writing.
Don't say 'Lucy told that...' 👉
Instead say, 'Lucy said that..' 😎
Use 'Take place' when to talk about something happening. (Used for scheduled event). For general occurrence use 'happen.'
LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature

Euphorbia milii, also known as the crown of thorns, is a succulent in the spurge family native to Madagascar.
Botanical Profile:
- Scientific Name: Euphorbia milii
- Common Names: Crown of thorns, Christ plant, Christ thorn
- Family: Euphorbiaceae
- Origin: Native to Madagascar
- Type: Succulent shrub
LexiLit-Nature LexiLit-Nature