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Compressive strength is measured by breaking cylindrical concrete specimens in a compression-testing machine. Compressive strength is calculated from the failure load divided by the cross-sectional area resisting the load and reported in units of pound-force per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa).

The compressive strength of concrete ranges from 15 MPa (2200 psi) to 30 MPa (4400 psi) for residential concrete and is high in commercial structures. Some applications use forces greater than 10,000 psi (70 MPa). The process must be done on the G.I Sheet (For Making Concrete) until a homogenous mix is obtained.

Procedure of Test

1.Clean the mounds properly and apply oil inside the cube frame.

2.Fill the concrete in the molds in layers approximately 50mm thick.

3.Compact each layer with not less than 35 strokes per layer using a tamping rod (steel bar 16mm diameter and 600 mm long, )

4.Level the top surface and smoothen it with a trowel.

The concrete slump test measures the consistency of fresh concrete before it sets. It is performed to check the workability of freshly made concrete, and therefore the ease with which concrete flows. It can also be used as an indicator of an improperly mixed batch. 

Advantages of Concrete Slump Test

Slump test is very easy and simple. A non-technical person can perform it without any problem. It is very useful to check batch to batch or hour to hour variation in the materials which will be fed into the mixer.

Essentially, it allows you to preview what your concrete will be like before it sets, allowing you to make adjustments to the mix to create a better product with more favourable consistency.

"Hand-dug caisson" is defined in Section 2(1) of the Buildings Ordinance as. any foundation or earth-retaining structure, or part thereof, the construction of which includes. the excavation of a shaft in the ground by means of digging carried out by any person inside. the shaft with or without the aid of machine tools.

A pile cap is a thick concrete mat that rests on concrete or timber piles that have been driven into soft or unstable ground to provide a suitable stable.

The term "pile cap" may be used to describe a reinforced concrete slab constructed on top of a group of foundation piles to evenly displace .

A pothole is a depression in a road surface, usually asphalt pavement, where traffic has removed broken pieces of the pavement. It is usually the result of water in the underlying soil structure and traffic passing over the affected area.

Steps to Repairing Potholes with Cold-Patch

Step 1 – Clean pothole. Remove large loose rocks and other debris.
Step 2 – Pour and spread cold-patch material into pothole. ...
Step 3 – Compact material with hand tamper, car tires or another suitable compaction method that provides an even, level compacted surface.

Inclinometers are used to measure displacements in ground and in structures that lie below ground level (e.g. retaining walls).

Inclinometers (also known as slope indicators) are precision instruments used to measure horizontal displacements in the subsurface. Inclinometers are typically used to measure movement when slope stability is a concern for natural slopes, constructed cut/fill slopes, and deep fill projects.

Inclinometers measure the orientation angle of an object with respect to the force of gravity. This is done by means of an accelerometer, which monitors the effect of gravity on a tiny mass suspended in an elastic support structure.

Skid Tank Diesel
An aboveground tank, mounted on a small, factory-built platform. At construction and farm sites, where fueling operations are performed on a temporary basis, it is desirable to have storage tanks available. The platform keeps the tank from resting directly on the ground and also prevents it from rolling over.

Purpose in Construction
1- Generator for power supply
2- Refuel big machine eg.excavator, backhor, crawler crane

Diesel fuel storage tanks fall under the same category as petroleum tanks and those used to store hazardous waste or hazardous materials. These tanks should contain a double wall, or built-in secondary compartment for safer storage and spill guards to provide additional safety against accidental leaks.

How long can you store diesel fuel? Diesel fuel can remain viable for 6 to 12 months in weather of 85 degrees. After that, the fuel will begin to react with the oxygen in the tank. This reaction can lead to diesel becoming gummy.