Dr Usman Azare

Rubutun Dr Abdulazizi T Bako

Shafi Mu Lera: Ya abin ya ke a kimiyyance?

Abdulaziz T. Bako, MBBS, MPH, PhD.

An shafe shekaru ana azabtar da mutanen da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba bisa zargin cewa sun sacewa wani yayan maraina ko al'aurar wani namiji ta hanyar siddabaru ko tsafi.

A kan irin wannan zargi maras tushe an kashe mutane masu yawa, an kuma jikkata mutane da dama. Tarihi ya nuna cewa wannan dabi'a an fara ta ne a Najeriya a shekarun 1970s sannan ta yadu a kusan dukkanin sassan kasashen Afirka.

A garuruwan Asia akwai kwatankwacin irin wannan dabi'ar wacce su ke kira 'Koro,' duk da cewa lokaci zuwa lokaci a kan dan samu barkewar cutar kasashen yamma jefi-jefi. Cutar Koro k**ar annoba ce da ta ke sanya wasu sassa na mutane su hakikance cewa tabbas al'aurarsu tana motsewa tana komawa cikin jikinsu, kuma su rika ji cewa idan ba'a yi komai ba al'aurar zata bace bat ta shige cikin jikinsu.

A lokuta da dama mutum daya ne ya ke fara cewa ya ga al'aurarsa tana motsewa, kwatsam kawai sai sauran mutane su ma su ga cewa su ma fa al'aurarsu ta fara motsewa. Irin wannan abu galibi matsala ce ta kwakwalwa (psychological problem) da kan addabi al'umma a lokaci guda wacce a je kira da "mass hysteria."

Sai dai Bambancin "Koro" da shafi mu lera shine cewa su masu Koro galibi ba wani suke zargin cewa ya yi musu asiri ba ballantana su k**a wani wanda bai ji ba bai gani ba da duka. Sannan kuma cutar Koro ba ta ta'allaqa da maza zallaba. Mata ma suna yi. Sai dai da ya ke maganar shafi mu lera muke yi ba zan tsawaita jawabi a kan cutar Koro ba.

Da yawa daga cikin masu zargin cewa an yi musu shafi mu lera su kan ce sun hadu da wani mutum sun gaisa da shi. Sai kuma daga gaisawar s**a ji wani abu ya yi musu yar a jikinsu k**ar shocking. Daga nan kuma sai s**a duba yayan marainansu sai s**a ji babu su.

Daga nan kuma kawai sai su kwarma ihu. Idan mutumin da suke zargi yana kusa su k**a shi a yi ta duka. Idan azaba ta yi azaba sai wanda ake zargin ya yadda cewa ya aikata. Amma zai dawo wa mutum da abinsa bayan wani lokaci. Idan kuwa a ka jirayi lokacin sai a ga ya dawo din. Shikenan sai mutane su gaskata cewa tabbas satar yayan marainan a ka yi.

Kafin na yi bayani a kan yadda wannan abu ya ke faruwa a kimiyyance ya k**ata na yi takaitaccen bayani a kan yadda yayan marainan dan Adam suke samuwa tun yana ciki. Su dai yayan marainan dan Adam farko suna samuwa ne a can saman cikin dan Adam. Daga baya suke sakkowa su yo kasa su zauna a cikin jakar yayan maraina (sc***um) kusa kusa da lokacin da zaa haifi mutum. Shi ya sa wasu yaran idan aka samu matsala a kan haife su da yayan marainan su a ciki ba su sakko kasa ba (undescended te**es).

A yayin da yayn maraina suke sakkowa daga ciki zuwa jakar yayan maraina, akwai abubuwa da yawa da suke biyo su ko don basu kariya ko kuma don wasu dalilai. A cikin wadannan abubuwa akawai wani nama da ake kira da suna Cremaster Muscle.

Kafin mu fadi aikin shi wannan yadin nama na Cremaster Muscle yana da kyau mu gane cewa su yayan maraina ba sa son zafi ya yi yawa ko sanyi ya yi yawa, domin kuwa aikin hada maniyyin dan Adam da a ke yi a cikin yayan maraina (spermatogenesis) ba zai yiwu ba idan zafi ko sanyi ya yi yawa.

Saboda haka sai Allah cikin ikonsa ya halicci shi wannan cremaster muscle din tare da sauran wasu abubuwa k**ar Dartos muscle da su ke tabbatar da cewa zafi ko sanyi bai yi wa yayan maraina yawa ba.

Idan zafi ya yi yawa cremaster muscle ya kan saki jikinsa sai yayan maraina su sakko kasa su sha iska. Idan kuma sanyi ya yi yawa sai cremaster muscle ya motse ya ja yayan maraina sama kusa da cikin dan Adam wanda zai zamewa yayan marainan k**ar heater. Wannan dalilin ne ma yasa a ke baiwa maza shawarar su rage saka matsatstsun dan kamfe (panties) saboda kada zafi ya rika yi wa yayan marainansu yawa.

A halittar shi wannan cremaster muscle akwai abinda a ke kira kuma cremaster reflex, wanda ya ke janyowa shi wannan cremaster muscle din ya motse ya ja yayan maraina sama sama ba wai don saboda sanyi ya yi yawa ba. Abubuwan da suke jawo cremaster reflex sun hada da idan aka shafi wurin jijiyar da ta ke baiwa shi cremaster muscle sak'o, ko kuma abubuwa k**ar matsanancin tsoro da sauransu.

A galibin lokuta shi wannan cremaster reflex ba wani can sama ya ke jan yayan maraina ba, amma a kan samu a wasu tsirarun mutane cewa motsewar da cremaster muscle dinsu ya yi yana da karfi sosai (overactive cremaster muscle), wanda wannan karfin motsewar zai iya sanyawa su ji k**ar shocking a jikinsu, kuma ya ja yayan marainan su koma can sama kusa da mafitsarsu (inguinal region) k**ar zasu koma can cikin ciki (ana kiran hakan retractile te**es).

Idan irin hakan ta faru zata iya yiwuwa a nemi yayan marainan a cikin jakarsu a rasa, amma ba wai sace su a ka yi ba. Su na nan a jikin mutum kawai dai sun yi can sama ne ta yadda ba za a iya jinsu a cikin jakar yayan maraina ba. Kana zuwa wurin likita zai nuna maka inda yayan marainanka s**a makale.

Idan an gane bayanin da na yi a sama to sai mu ce abinda ya ke faruwa shi ne mutum ya gaisa da wani da bai sani ba. Kwatsam kawai sai ya ji cewa fa ya yi kuskure don mutumin nan zai iya zama mai shafi mu lera. Kwatsam sai yanayin tsoro ya k**a shi.

Wannan karfin tsoron da ya ji sai ya saka ya ji yar a jikinsa, shima cremaster muscle ya harba ya motse sai ya ji k**ar an yi masa shocking a yayan marainansa sannan ya ja yayan marainansa sama. Daga nan kuma sai ya taba yayan maraina ya ji ko babu su ko kuma k**ar sun motse daga yadda ya san su da. Shi kenan sai a k**a wani da duka. Azaba ta sa ya yadda cewa ya saci yayan marainan, sannan ya yi alkawarin zai dawo da su. Wannan abin zai kwantarwa da wanda ya ke zargin an sace masa kayan nasa shikenan bayan wani dan kankanin lokaci ya dawo hayyacinsa ya ji komai ya dawo normal (saboda hankalinsa ya kwanta, ba wai don wani ya sace masa wani abu ya dawo masa da shi ba).

Haka abin ya ke ga masu zargin an sace musu al'aura wai ta motse. Shi ma yanayin fargaba ne da tsoro ya ke sanyawa jikin dan Adam ya fara fitar da wasu sinadarai. A gurguje, A jikin dan Adam akwai abinda a ke kira sympathetic nervous system (SNS) da parasympathetic nervous system (PSN). Saboda saukakawa mai karatu ya fahimta, shi SNS shi ke harbawa yayin da mutum ya ke cikin halin firgici da sauransu (fight and flight), shi kuma PNS shi ke harbawa a lokacin da mutum ya ke halin hutu da kwanciyar hankali.

Don haka a yayin da mutum ya ke cikin firgicin tsoron cewa an sace masa al'aura ko kuma al'aurarsa ta motse wannan tsoron ba zai bari ya ji cewa al'aurar tana yadda take ba, saboda a lokacin sympathetic nervous system ne ya ke aiki. Har sai ya samu nutsuwa hankalinsa ya dawo kansa sannan zaa gane cewa babu abinda ya same shi.

A wannan rubutu na saukake (simplifying) abubuwa da yawa saboda na saukakawa masu karatu yadda zasu fahimta. Amma muhallush shahid shine cewa babu wani abu wai shi shafi mu lera. Mu guji azabtar da mutane babu gaira babu sabab saboda wai zargin an sace musu al'aura ko yayan maraina. Duk inda mutum ya yi ihun an sace masa wani abu a yi maza a garzaya da shi asibiti ya ga likita. Babu wanda ya sace masa komai.

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA
DARASI NA TARA(09)
CUTAR ANTHRAX
MECECE CUTAR ANTHRAX?
Wata cutace wacce ƙwayar bacteriya mai suna Bacillus anthracis take haddasawa wacce take iya k**a mutune da dabbobi.Kuma mutane suna iya kamuwa da ita ta hanyar mu'amala da dabbobin da s**a riga s**a kamu. A yanzu haka da nake wannan rubutun wannan cuta tana ta yaɗuwa acikin mutane a wasu jahohi na arewacin Najeriya wanda har ta kai da ta kashe adadi masu yawa na mutane.
ƘWAYAR CUTAR
Bacillus anthracia tana ƴaɗuwa ta hanyar shaƙar furen ita ƙwayar halittar(spores) wanda yakan iya jimawa sosai acikin muhallanmu. Kuma ita wanna halitta tana samar da wata guba(toxins) acikin jiki wanda yake haifar da illoli masu yawa a cikin jikin
HANYAR KAMUWA DA CUTAR
*Hanyar mu'amala ta kai tsaye: ta hanyar taɓa jikin dabbar da take da cutar, ko kuma namanta
*Hanyar shaƙar furen cutar(spores)
*Hanyar cin naman dabba mai ɗauke da cutar wanda bai dafu sosai ba(undercooked meat)
*Hanyar shigar furen cutar jiki ta gurin da yake akwai ciwo ko rauni.
ALAMOMIN CUTAR
* Ta fata: tana farawa ne k**ar kurji ɗan ƙarami tana girma a hankali tsakiyar sa yana ƴin baƙi bai da zafi ko ciwo. Za a iya samun kaluluwa
* Ta numfashi: tana k**a da mura, da farko tana farawa da zazzaɓi, nauyin jiki da tari. Daganan zata cigaba zuwa sarƙewar numfashi, suma har zuwa mutuwa in ba ayi sauri an tare ta ba.
* Ta ciki: tana saka amai, gudawa, ciwon ciki mai tsanani, zazzaɓi tana iya kashe mai ɗauke da ita
MATAKAN KARIYA
*Rigakafin cutar ga dabbobin masu hatsarin kamuwa da ita k**ar shanu, tumaki da awaki
* Mu'amala da nama ta tsaftatacciyar hanya tare da amfani da matakan kariya a duk lokacin da zakayi mu'amala da naman da bakasan asalinsa ba.
* Duba lafiyar nama kafin amfani dashi(meat inspection)
* Gujewa cin naman da bai dafu sosai ba(undercooked meat)
*Saka ido sosai akan dabbobin mu(surveillance) don kaucewa afkuwar irin wannan cuta mai hatsari
* Matakan kariya a gurin gwaje gwaje(laborotary biosafety measures) don kaucewa yaɗuwar cutar daga ɗakin gwaje gwajen.

BABBAR ALAMAR CUTAR A JIKIN DABBA SHINE FITAR JINI TA DUKKUN ƘOFOFIN JIKINTA
Inka ga haka kayi gaggawar nesantar dabbar, ka kira likitan dabbobi mafi kusa dakai, kai kuma da duk wanda suke kusa da gurin kuyi gaggawar miƙa kanku asibiti domin bincike da ɗaukar mataki na gaba.

Usman Muhammad Hakimi
20 July 2023

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI A SHIDA(06)

TARIN FUKA/ TARIN TB (TUBERCULOSIS)

MENENE TARIN FUKA
Wata cuta da ƙwayar halitta ta bacteriya mai suna Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Asalin ta mutane) ko Mycobacterium bovis(wacce ake samu daga shanu)take haddasawa, dama wasu sauran nau'ukanta. Cutace mai yaɗuwa a tsakanin mutane da dabbobi, cutace da take ci a hankali a hankali in ta kai maƙura tana kashe marar lafiyan da ke ɗauke da ita. Huhu take k**awa amma tana iya k**a sauran kayan ciki k**ar su hanta, saifa da sauransu.

HANYOYIN ƳAƊUWAR WANNAN CUTA
1-cutar tana ƴaɗuwa ta hanyar iska idan mai ɗauke da cutar yayi
Tari
Atishawa
Fesar da majina
2- Shan nonon Saniya mai ɗauke da cutar
3- Cin huhun saniya ko wata hanta mai ɗauke da cutar
4- Mu'amala ta kusa da kusa tsakanin dabba mai ɗauke da cutar(closed contact)
5- Cutar HIV/AIDS- masu ɗauke da wannan cuta suna saurin kamuwa da cutar TB

ALAMOMIN WANNAN CUTA
-Tari na inna naha(chronic cough)
-Kaki mai jini(blood tinge sputum)
-Zazzaɓi(fever)
-Zufa/gumi cikin dare(night sweat)
-Ramewa/ƙeƙashewa(weight loss/Emaciation)
-Ciwon ƙirji

ABUWAN DA KE TAIMAKAWA A KAMU DA CUTAR(RISK FACTORS)
-Cunkoso(overcrowding)
-Cutar yunwa(malnutrition)
-cutar Sida(HIV)
-Shan ƙwaya(drug abuse)
-Shan taba/sigari
- Ma'aikatan lafiya masu kula da masu cutar mussaman in basu amfani da matakan kariya
-Ciwon huhu mai tsanani(chronic lung disease)
- Shan giya(alcaholism)
-Ciwon suga(diabetes mellitus)
Da sauransu

MAGANIN WANNAN CUTA
Wannan cutar tana da wahalar magani saboda yanayin halittar bacteriya ɗin yana hana antibayotic(antibiotic) da yawa shiga cikinta ya kasheta. Suma wanda suke kashe ta ana ɗaukan tsawon lokaci wata da wattani ana maganin kafin ta warke.

HANYOYIN RAGE YAƊUWARTA(PREVENTIVE MEASURES)
1 Rigakafi(vaccine)
-2 Wayar da kan mutane (public enlightnent):
- mussamman fulanin mu masu kafa kai a bakin nonon saniya su sha
- kwatar da ake yanka shanu ba tare da kulawar likita ba(veterinarian supervision)
da sauran su.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi
28 September, 2022.

LAFIYA JARIN TALAKA

DARASI NA BIYAR (05)

SAURO(MOSQUITOR), ILLOLIN SA A CIKIN MUTANE DA DABBOBI

SAURO
Wani ƙwaro ne siriri mai roɗi-roɗin baya, dogoyen ƙafafu ƙwaya shida, fuka-fukai ƙwaya biyu da dogon baki, yana fara rayuwar sa a matsayin ƙwai, sannan yabi wasu matakai biyu kafin ya zama cikekken sauro. Masana sunce ire-iren sauro sun kai 3600 amma darasin mu zai maida hankali ne akan dangi huɗu kacal masu saka cuttuka a cikin mutane da dabbobi. Yawancin mazan sauro suna cin abin cin su ne ta hanyar tsotsan ruwan ganyanyaki(nectar) saboda haka basu cika cizo ba. Amma su matan kasancewa suna buƙatar jini domin yin ƙoyayensu yasa suke cizon kusan dukkan hakittu masu rai tun daga kan mutane, dabbobi, kifaye da sauran halittu masu saɓa irin su ƙadangaru, macizai da kadoji da sauransu duk dai gunda zasu sami jini.

YAƊA CUTA
Saboda wannan ɗabi'a ta sauro ta cizo domin neman jini yasa yake zuwa ya ɗebo jinin mai cuta yazo ya ciji marar cutar yasa masa ita.

SAURO DANGI HUƊU MAFIYA CUTAR DA MUTANE DA DABBOBI
Aedes,
Anopheles,
Culex,
Mansonia

CUTUTTUKAN DA SUKE YA ƊAWA A CIKIN MUTANE
Zazzaɓin cizon sauro ( Malaria)- Sauron da ke jawota -Anopheles
Zazzaɓin Yellow fever-Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
Zazzaɓin Dengue fever-Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
Cutar Chikungunya- Sauron da ke jawota- Aedes
kumburin ƙafa na Lymphatic filariasis- Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Anopheles, Culex,
Zazzaɓin Zika- Sauron da ke jawota -Aedes
da sauran su

WASU DAGA CIKIN CUTAR DA SAURO KE SAWA DABBOBI
DOKI- equine encephalitis virus- Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes
BIRI- Yellow fever-Sauron da ke jawota -Aedes
ZOMO- Tularemia- Sauron da ke jawota - Culex
KARE-Heartworm disease(dirofilariasis)-Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, da Mansonia
KAJI, TATTBARU, TALOTALO- Fox virus - Sauron da ke jawota - Aedes, Culex,Anopheles- wannan cutar common ce shine zaku ga ƙuraje a fuskar kazar da kan idonta har makancewa sukeyi, a bakin ta, kunnenta da sauran gurare.
Da sauran su.

BREEDING SITE( GURIN DA SAURO YAKE HAYYAYAFA)
-Gefe-gefen ruwa kwantacce ko mai gudana
-Kwalbatoti
- Dogayen ciyawi
- Cikin taɓo/laka
-Kwatoci da sauran su. Lokacin damana saboda ƙaruwar guraren da ruwa yake kwanciya sauro yana yawaita hakanan ma cutar malaria

HANYOYIN RAGE HAYAYYAFAR SAURO (CONTROL MEASURES)
-Tsabtacce muhallanmu daga kwatami, ciyayin ba gaira ba dalili
-Samar da hanyoyin ruwa yanda ruwa ba zai dinga kwanciya ba
-Feshin maganin sauro a guraren da ba yanda za'ayi dashi
-Sanya shinge yayin kwanciya(net)
Da sauran su.
In Allah ya bamu iko zamu ɗauki wasu daga cikin waƴannan cuttukan da sauro ke janyowa mu ɗan duba su musammam masu mahimmancin ciki irin su Malaria, Yello fever da chicken fox virus.
Usman Muhammad Hakimi.
27 September, 2022.