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HOW TO DEFEND A PROJECT

Final year project caries as much marks as three to four regular courses combined -- six to eight credit units (6C to 8C) -- depending on the institution. So, making an ”A” in final year project is more like making “As”in three/four different courses put together, which can translate into a high CGPA. On the contrary, however, having a low score on your project can reduce your CGPA.
While most students seem to pay more attention to having a perfectly written project, the fact is, project defense attracts as much marks, if not more (this varies from institution to institution). Assessment during defense is subjective: students are evaluated and scored based on the impressions they make on their judges. The perfectly written project, tagged as “extent of completion” caries about 20 marks and dressing about 10 to 20 marks as well, 50% of the marks come from the students' presentation: composure, mastery of the subject, smooth English and the ability to answer questions in the session.
But the fact is you don’t need to have the entire contents of your work in your head to be able to make an “A” in your project. There are key areas that are of interest to judges during defense. These are;
1. Salutation/Introduction
2. Aims, Definition of Concepts and Objectives of the Study
3. The population for the Study
4. Design of the Study
5. Sample and Sampling Technique
6. Research Instrument
7. Validity and Reliability of the Instrument
8. Research questions and Hypotheses
9. Tools for Data Analysis
10. Discussion of Findings
11. Recommendations
12. Thanks and a Bow

For better retention, coherence and a smooth flow in presentation, a student can actually write down the things he/she wishes to say (from those areas) during the defense, take two to three weeks to practice and hone his/her skills.
For example;
Good morning, the Head of Department, Chairman of Project Committee, Panel of Judges and Course mates. My name is Smith Anderson and, I am here to defend the project titled “Assessment of the Extent of Compliance of Workers in Building Industry in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area, Rivers State, to the Principles of Ergonomics.”
This project aimed to assess how satisfactorily workers in building industry, in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State complied to the Principles of ergonomics. Thus, ergonomics is the scientific discipline that is concerned with the understanding of the interactions between human and other elements of a system and the application of principles, theories, methods and data to design, in order to optimize the well-being of human and the performance of the system. However, the study intended to verify how working in neutral posture, reduction of excessive force, keeping everything within reach, working at the proper height, and reduction of excessive motion were being practiced by building construction workers in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. The target population for the study was Obio/Akpor Local Government Area. The accessible population, however, was made up of 56 building construction workers; Bricklayers and Iron-benders. Sample Survey Research Design was used in the study and a stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 47 respondents using Taro Yamane’s formula for a population sample. Data were collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire, however, was validated by two experts in the field of the study. A reliability test was also conducted on the instrument and, the result was analyzed using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, which gave r= .813. Five research questions were developed to direct the study. The research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation. The mean of 2.342 showed that building construction workers in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area fairly adequately worked in a neutral posture. The standard deviation of 0.9, however, indicated uniformity in their responses. Therefore, it is recommended that the association of builders should train their members sufficiently on the proper application of ergonomics principles to work.
Thank you.

Askabez: Ask Anything about Project Writing ASKABEZ is a service that teaches, mentors and answers questions on final year project writing, in social sciences.

HOW TO WRITE THE BACKGROUND TO A PROJECT

The background to a project/undergraduate thesis serves the same purpose as the prologue to a play and the prelude to a grand musical work. It introduces the research to the reader, outlining the key points and the basis for the research.

In the background, therefore, the researcher is expected to define and describe the concepts and variables introduced in the study. He explains the present situation of the issue in connection with the past, and argues the existent of the problem he intends to solve – giving proofs and backing his proofs with facts. Thus, previous researches carried out in the area are exposed. However, elaborate statistical data quoted in the work may be included in the appendix.

When the researcher has proven as much as needed that the problem exists and that a solution is needed, he goes on to state the impacts of the problem, giving clear instances. The impacts could be political, economic, academic, religious or a combination. The researcher must try as much as possible to mention those whom the problem has affected and how it has affected them.

Note:
• There must be logical organization of ideas--- from general to specific, simple to complex, etc.
• The researcher must avoid filling the write-up with citations, without adding his own ideas.

AN EXAMPLE OF BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Technical Education is a form of education meant to impart practical skills in various occupations and also prepare an individual to be self-reliant.
Okoye and Arimonu (2016) defined the concept as a form of education concerned with qualitative, technological human resources development directed towards a national pool of skilled and self-reliant craftsmen, technicians and technologists in technical and vocational fields. However, the National Policy on Education (2004) viewed technical education — as a...

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องค์กรของโครงการ

สถาบันอุดมศึกษาทุกแห่งมีรูปแบบโครงการ ดังนั้นก่อนที่จะเริ่มเขียนโครงการสิ่งสำคัญคือต้องขอรูปแบบจากหัวหน้าโครงการของคุณ อย่างไรก็ตามรูปแบบที่ใช้ในหลายสถาบันมีดังต่อไปนี้

หน้าเบื้องต้น

หน้าปก

ii การประกาศ

iii หน้าการอนุมัติ

iV อุทิศ

V กิตติกรรมประกาศ

VI สารบัญ

Vii รายชื่อตาราง

VIII รายชื่อตัวเลข (ถ้ามี)

X บทคัดย่อ

บทที่ 1 - บทนำ

ความเป็นมาของการศึกษา

คำชี้แจงปัญหา

จุดมุ่งหมายและวัตถุประสงค์ของการศึกษา (วัตถุประสงค์ของการศึกษา)

คำถามการวิจัย

สมมติฐาน

ความสำคัญของการศึกษา

ขอบเขต / การกำหนดเวลาของการศึกษา

บทที่ 2 - การทบทวนวรรณกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้อง

กรอบแนวคิด

กรอบทฤษฎี

การทบทวนการศึกษาเชิงประจักษ์ที่เกี่ยวข้อง

สรุปการทบทวนวรรณกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้อง

บทที่ 3 - วิธีการ

การออกแบบการศึกษา

พื้นที่ของการศึกษา

ประชากรของการศึกษา

ตัวอย่างและเทคนิคการสุ่มตัวอย่าง

เครื่องมือวิจัย

การตรวจสอบความถูกต้องของเครื่องมือ

ความน่าเชื่อถือของเครื่องมือ

การบริหารเครื่องมือ

วิธีการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล

บทที่ 4 - การนำเสนอข้อมูลการวิเคราะห์และการอภิปรายการค้นพบ

การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลและผลลัพธ์

สรุปผลการวิจัยที่สำคัญ

การอภิปรายผล

บทที่ 5 - สรุปบทสรุปและคำแนะนำ

สรุป

ข้อสรุป

คำแนะนำ

ข้อเสนอแนะสำหรับการศึกษาเพิ่มเติม

อ้างอิง

ภาคผนวก

Askabez: Ask Anything about Project Writing ASKABEZ is a service that teaches, mentors and answers questions on final year project writing, in social sciences.