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What Are Participles And How Do You Use Them?
Participles. They’re verbs, they’re adjectives, they’re perfect and progressive! Is there anything they can’t do?

🤷🏾‍♂️If you’re wondering what a participle does, you’re not alone. These mighty verbs take many forms and can be tricky to master. Let’s explore the different types.

✅What is a participle?
👉🏽To start, participles are words derived from verbs that can function as adjectives or as parts of verb phrases to create verb tenses.

👉🏽Put simply, that means a participle will look like a verb (running) but may have a different role in the sentence: the running water. That participle is describing the water and performing the function of an adjective.

Three types of participles
1. Past participle
✅For regular verbs, adding -ed to the base form creates the past participle.
👉🏻For example, the past participle of cook is cooked.

✅Past participles formed from irregular verbs may have endings like -en, -t, -d, and -n.
👉🏻Examples include swollen, burnt, hoped, and broken.
Some past participles remain the same as the base forms of irregular verbs, like set and cut.

2. Present participle
✅Adding -ing to the base form of a verb creates the present participle.
👉🏻For example, eat is the base form of the verb to eat.
The present participle of eat is eating. Present participles always end in -ing.
👉🏻Other examples of present participles include swimming, laughing, and playing.

3. Perfect participle
🙌🏻 And there’s more!
✅ Combining the word having with the past participle of a word creates the perfect participle. Perfect participles demonstrate that an action was completed in the past.
👉🏻Examples of perfect participles include having watched, having arrived, and having slept.

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The verb be is used as an auxiliary verb and it can also be used as a main verb. The verb be is irregular. It has eight different forms: be, am, is, are, was, were, being, been.
✔️The present simple and past simple tenses make more changes than those of other verbs.
👉 I am late. We are late.
👉 You are late. You are late.
👉 He is late. They are late.
👉 I was late. We were late.
👉 You were late. You were late.
👉 She was late. They were late.

✔️The present participle is being.
👉He is being very helpful these days.

✔️The past participle is been.
👉 We have been ready for an hour.

✔️The present simple tense forms of be are often contracted in normal speech. Note that the contracted form of they are is spelled they’re, and not there which is the possessive form of they.
👉 I’m here. We’re here.
👉 You’re here. You’re here.
👉 He’s here. They’re here.

✔️Any form of be is made negative by adding not immediately after it. In the speech, some forms of be also have contracted negative forms. Some of these forms emphasize the negative.
👉 I’m not late.
👉 You aren’t late. You’re not late.
👉 He isn’t late. He’s not late.
👉 We aren’t late. We’re not late.
👉 They aren’t late. They’re not late.

✔️The major uses of be as an auxiliary verb are to form continuous tenses and the passive.
👉🏻👉🏻Continuous tenses of main verbs use the appropriate form of be, present or past, followed by the present participle (or -ing form).
👉🏻👉🏻The passive form of the main verb uses the appropriate form of be followed by the past participle.

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What is the difference between “have been, has been, and had been”?
Are you struggling to use the correct form when you’re speaking or writing in English?😊

👉🏾Usage of “Have Been & Has Been”
✔️‘Has been’ and ‘have been’ suggest an action that started in the past, but continues in the present.

✔️When we are talking about the present:
If the subject of a sentence is I – You – We – They or a plural noun (cars, birds, children) we use ‘have been‘.
Examples:
☛A total of five cars have been stolen from the city center.
☛Birds have been following me all day long.

✔️If the subject of the sentence is He – She – It or a singular noun (car, bird, child) we use ‘has been‘.
Examples:
☛My car has been stolen from the city center.
☛This bird has been following me all day long.

👉🏾Usage of “Had Been”
✔️When we are talking about the past: for any subject (I, You, He, She, It, We, They) we use ‘had been‘.
✔️“Had been,”, suggests an action that both began and ended in the past.
✔️We use the past perfect continuous to indicate that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.
✔️To show time reference “for” and “since” are used and it describes when the action started and how long it continued in the past.
✔️“For ten minutes”, “for five weeks”, “for two months” are durations that can be used with the past perfect continuous.
Examples:
☛I had been reading articles on the English language for three hours.
☛How long had you been studying English before you moved to London?
☛I had been shopping with my wife in the market since morning.

👉🏾Difference between ‘Have been’ – ‘Had been’
✔️Present perfect ‘have/has been ‘ is used when describing an action completed in the recent past and still assumes importance in the present.

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