WESPak

Alhamdullillah by the grace of Almighty Allah Wadan Engineering Services has completed the Project "Renovation and Repair of Two Surgical Wards at MTI-KTH Peshawar".

ACI 306 “Cold Weather Concreting” defines cold weather concreting as a period when for
more than three (3) consecutive days, the following conditions exist:
• The average daily air temperature is less than 5°C (40°F) and,
• The air temperature is not greater than 10°C (50°F) for more than one-half of any
24 hour period.
Even though not defined as cold weather, protection during Spring and Fall is required during
the first 24 hours to avoid freezing.

What Happens When Concrete Freezes?
• Pore water in concrete starts to freeze around -1°C (30°F)
• As some water freezes the ion concentration in the unfrozen water goes up, further
depressing the freezing point.
• At around -3 to -4°C (25 to 27°F), enough of the pore water will freeze so that hydration
will completely stop, and depending on the extent of hydration, and thus the strength of the
concrete, the forces generated by the expansion of ice (ice occupies ~9% more volume
than water) may be detrimental to the long term integrity of the concrete.