Trek To CSS

Trek To CSS

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03/09/2023

Readings for the CSS✨

Why Russia's Wagner group is accused of mutiny and what it means for Vladimir Putin- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/why-russias-wagner-group-is-accused-of-mutiny-and-what-it-means-for-vladimir-putin/articleshow/101243810.cms

Navigating the 21st century requires solidarity not polarity- https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/6/19/reimagining-global-leadership-not-who-but-how

Central Asia: Arena of renewed stakes as China's influence rises - https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/central-asia-arena-of-renewed-stakes-as-chinas-influence-rises

For a stable Pakistan, free and fair elections must be held- https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2320711

Opportunities and challenges for Pakistan in a changing Middle East - https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2321991

Pakistan’s pursuit for trade openness - https://www.arabnews.pk/node/2323066

03/09/2023

*How does realism explain Cold War – theory application*
*Anarchy* (absence of the universal sovereign, hence no security guarantor), pushes the states to acquire power for their survival.
*Security Dilemma* (acute sense of insecurity), arises when a state increases its power (though for defensive purposes) in a competitive environment under anarchy. For instance, US nukes and its alliance with Europe (later on NAATO formation) created a security dilemma for the Soviet Union, and it also took the path of nuclearization and the Warsaw Pact.
*Power and Security-seeking* (Arms race, Alliances, nuclear deterrence) behavior of states is aimed at overcoming the security dilemma and ensuring security and survival by ensuring the power equal to the rival state(s). This pursuit of power leads to the balance of power in that geographic region or system.
*Balance of Power* ensures the status quo, peace, and stability as the rivals counterbalance each other. This is what the US and USSR had between them during most of the time. Both had nukes, allies, and respective spheres of influence in different parts of the world.
*Zero-sum game* (ideological conflict), both wanted to win against each other, negating the possibility of peaceful coexistence.
*Rational Calculation* Both the US and USSR acted rationally and didn’t allow things spiral to WWII, despite several occasion where war was eminent, for instance Korean War and Cuban Missile Crisis.

03/09/2023

*In recent years, India has taken steps to augment its defensive and offensive cyber warfare capabilities. India’s ambitions of military modernization by inculcating cutting-edge, disruptive technologies into its military doctrine for an operational pompous is of critical concern for Pakistan. With overtly recognized assaults varying from IT, banking, firms, transport, utility, and government, Pakistan’s nuclear and other critical installations are more susceptible to cyberattacks. Both countries have seen persistent cyberattacks over the last decade, albeit on a low scale*

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