JAMA Network Open

A US area-level incorporating income constraint, commute, work demands, and immigration status correlated with more inpatient days and higher in-hospital death rates, indicating measurable barriers to family caregiver engagement.

Development and Validation of a Family Caregiver Constraint Index This cross-sectional study reports the development and validation of the Family Caregiver Constraint Index, a neighborhood-based index measuring factors potentially affecting caregiver engagement with health care systems.