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Carnauba wax. Also known as Brazilian or palm wax. It is made from the leaves of Copernicia prunifera, a palm tree native to the northeast of Brazil. It has one of the highest melting points among natural waxes, as well as hypoallergenic properties and high gloss.

Ozokerite, earthen wax. It is a natural mineral wax.

Candelilla wax, which is obtained from the candelilla bush, native to parts of Mexico and the United States. It is also known for being the main binder in chewing gum.

Polybutene is a polymer that binds other ingredients together and thickens the mixture.

Beware: Naturally produced by bees, beeswax is an increasingly common ingredient in lipsticks, although it has been known to cause allergic reactions in some people.

What lipstick is made of: an analysis of good and bad ingredients

INGREDIENTS THAT ADD COLOR
And now for the most important part of lipstick ingredients. The pigments used to color the mix vary from stick to stick, but are generally some combination of the following.

Silica is found in sand and is used in lipstick to make the mixture opaque, although it does not provide any color on its own. While pure silica powder may pose a small risk to respiratory health, its use in lipstick poses little to no risk.

Eosin, also known as "Red 22", is a common bright red dye in lipsticks that is enhanced when interacting with proteins on the surface of the skin.

Titanium dioxide is a natural white mineral mined, refined and mixed with the red pigments described above. It is needed to obtain pink shades, increase transparency and absorb ultraviolet rays. Titanium dioxide is possibly carcinogenic, but only if released into the air, not in contact with the skin.

Actual colors contain many chemicals that most of us do not even try to study. So, we decided to figure out: what is lipstick made of? Of the hundreds of possible ingredients, we will look at the most common and most dangerous.

WAXES AND OILS FOR STICKY LIPSTICK
They make up about 60% of the lipstick, because without them, the lipstick will not have a solid consistency and shine. Wax acts as an emulsifier, that is, it prevents the oil from separating from the rest of the liquid mixture, and also as an emollient. It gives the lipstick a "stick" shape and helps the mixture adhere securely to the skin.

The fermentation process is simple and takes only 2 weeks. First, the cabbage is finely chopped, then rubbed with salt and immersed in its own juice. After two days, the oxygen in the liquid is depleted, and lactic acid bacteria release carbon dioxide, which starts the process of rapid reproduction of beneficial bacteria.

Lactobacilli convert glucose and fructose into lactic acid. At this point, the dish becomes sour, conditions are created for an increase in the volume of beneficial bacteria. By the way, pathogens do not multiply in this environment.