Redox Diagnostics

Today is an important moment for our company as we change the name and internet domain name under which we operate from Innovatics Laboratories, Inc. to Redox Diagnostics, Inc. and www.redoxdiagnostics.com, so that it better reflects the nature of our activities. It reaffirms our commitment to bring to the market the most advanced solutions for the assessment of redox status in biological systems.

After years of research in the field of redox biology and related disciplines, we feel compelled to share the knowledge with like-minded individuals who understand and are willing to leverage on the major shift currently underway in the healthcare space.

Our commercial endeavors will be matched by our educational efforts, aiming to contribute to the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic solutions rooted in the right understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes.

PEROXIDES FORMATION AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

We mentioned in a previous post that hydroxyl radical (HO·) formation is pivotal for energy production by reacting with glutathione (GSH) in a HOMO/LUMO reaction.

What happens if there is an imbalance between hydroxyl radical formation and reduced glutathione availability?

In absence of enough glutathione supply, hydroxyl radical (HO·), a very reactive molecule, will seek to stabilize by oxidizing organic substrates with lower reductive power, such as lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and initiates a chain reaction that leads to peroxides formation in the early stage and to other oxidation byproducts in the more advanced oxidation stages. We will discuss here the process of lipid peroxidation.
The lipid peroxidation chain reaction happens in three steps: Initiation, Propagation, Termination.

1. Initiation.
In the initiation step the hydroxyl radical (HO·) extracts the hydride ion (H-) required for stabilization from a lipid (LH), leading to formation of a water molecule (H20) and a carbon-centered lipid radical, per following reaction:

HO· + LH -> H20 + L·

2. Propagation
The newly formed lipid radical (L·) reacts with an oxygen molecule and generates a lipid peroxyl radical, per following reaction:

L· + O2 -> LOO·

The peroxyl radical (LOO·) is seeking to stabilize as well by reacting with another lipid molecule (LH), generating a more stable molecule of lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and another lipid radical (L·), per following reaction:

LOO· + LH -> LOOH + L·

The newly formed lipid radical (L·) further undergoes the reaction with oxygen (O2) generating a peroxyl radical (LOO·) and later another lipid radical (L·); the reaction propagates until a reductive substrate terminates it.

3. Termination
In presence of reductive substrates, such as glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C, vitamin E, the oxidation chain reaction is interrupted by stabilizing the reactive species through multiple mechanisms:

a. Lipid peroxyl radicals (L-OO·) are reduced to more stable lipid hydroperoxides (L-OOH) by vitamin C and vitamin E.

b. Lipid hydroperoxides are reduced by glutathione (GSH) to more stable and less toxic lipid alcohols or hydroxy fatty acids, in a reaction mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4):

L-OOH + 2GSH -> L-OH + GS-SG + H2O

c. Lipid radicals (L·) are reduced to stable lipid molecules (LH) by glutathione (GSH) in a reaction mediated by glutathione peroxidase:

2L· + 2GSH -> 2LH + GS-SG

In absence of reductive substrates, the lipid peroxides (LOOH) undergo further oxidation into more advanced oxidation byproducts, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE).
What is the significance of hydroperoxides formation and why it is important to monitor the level of hydroperoxides in blood or plasma samples?

Per the explanation above, hydroperoxides are the first line of oxidation byproducts and therefore the EARLIEST WITNESS of oxidative stress - an imbalance between the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation and the reductive capacity of the endogenous antioxidant system. The implications are multiple, depending on the organic substrates affected by the oxidative damage, from impairment of energy production to membrane destabilization and permeabilization due to lipid peroxidation, to mutagenic effects due to oxidative damage of the nucleic acids.

Measurement of the level of hydroperoxides in plasma samples can be done in-office by using our very precise d-ROMs test (determination of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) and the dedicated analytical instrument FRAS5 (Free Radical Analytical System). It is a very simple and fast procedure that requires a small amount of capillary blood, minimal processing and delivers the results in minutes.
More information available here https://innovaticslabs.com/fras5-2/

FRAS5 | Innovatics Laboratories Innovatics introduces a convenient and technologically advanced system for the global assessment of oxidative stress, consisting of an innovative Free Radical Analytical System, FRAS5, two blood tests, d-ROMs fast test and PAT test, and one saliva test, SAT test.

Innovatics Laboratories is a premier supplier of a unique Point-of-Care REDOX testing system, consisting of:

• FRAS5 (Free Radical Analytical System) – dedicated spectrophotometer with centrifuge and printer incorporated, suitable for in-office use.

• two blood tests:
- d-ROMs fast test (determination of Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) – measures the pro-oxidant status in plasma samples.
- PAT test (Plasma Antioxidant capacity Test) – measures the antioxidant/reductive capacity in plasma samples.

• one saliva test:
-SAT test (Saliva Antioxidant capacity Test) – measures the antioxidant/reductive capacity in saliva samples.

• Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) – index that integrates in a single value the information provided by the d-ROMs fast and PAT tests, to simplify the interpretation of REDOX status in plasma samples.

The system provides real-time, accurate assessment of the REDOX status in the tested subjects, which provides valuable information with major implications in the healthcare professionals' decision-making process.

The REDOX status of a subject is indicative of a state of REDOX homeostasis, oxidative stress, or reductive stress. REDOX homeostasis is a state of balance between the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and the reductive capacity of the endogenous antioxidant system, resulting in an optimal state of cellular energy production and structural integrity. Oxidative stress is a state of imbalance between increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and reduced reductive capacity of the endogenous antioxidant system. Conversely, reductive stress is a state of imbalance between increased reductive capacity of the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant systems and a reduced production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Both states of oxidative stress and reductive stress are dysfunctional and, if left uncorrected, may lead to a multitude of acute and chronic pathological conditions.

Oxidative stress is associated with alteration of mitochondrial ATP production, oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis, cell depolarization, and iron dysregulation.

To maximize clinical outcomes, REDOX homeostasis is the desired REDOX state in any subjects undergoing a medical or dental procedure, particularly surgical procedures; therefore, real-time monitoring of the REDOX status by means of d-ROMs fast and PAT tests and the integrated Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) are of critical importance. The information provided enables the healthcare practitioners to adjust the therapeutic protocols in the preparation phase in order to achieve a state of REDOX homeostasis, and also plays a predictive role of the clinical outcome.

Today is a good day: we launch our newly designed website www.innovaticslabs.com. It makes the case for our awesome diagnostic solutions for oxidative stress assessment and is loaded with information supporting our core knowledge that redox balance is key to health preservation and restoration and that oxidative stress is the underlying cause of all acute and chronic conditions.
It’s all about the terrain, that either supports or prohibits the unfolding of physiological processes. While oxidative stress assessment and redox balance restoration must be the first priority in any treatment protocol, it is completely overlooked. We are leading the efforts to increase the awareness of this fundamental aspect of the healing process. Please take a look at our website and let us have your feedback. That would be much appreciated. Thank you!

Homepage - Innovatics Laboratories REDOX BALANCE IS KEY TO CELLULAR HEALTH TRACK THE FUNDAMENTAL MARKERS OF CELLULAR HEALTH IN REAL-TIME LEARN MORE TRACK THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN REAL-TIME BY MEANS OF FRAS5, d-ROMs fast test & PAT test – THE COMPLETE SYSTEM FOR OXIDATIVE STRESS ASSESSMENT SEE OUR PRODUCTS FOR CLINICAL ...