Missouri Anesthesia Services

Outpatient surgery is generally performed in patients with lower baseline cardiovascular risk, but the hemodynamic effects of general or regional anesthesia—induction-related vasodilation, sympathetic blockade, and impaired baroreflex function—do not depend on a procedure’s invasiveness or duration.

Blood Pressure Targets During Outpatient Surgery - Missouri Anesthesia Services

For patients, intubation is an uncomfortable procedure that is intolerable without pharmacological support. Patients also typically experience discomfort after extubation, with postoperative sore throat being among the most commonly reported complaints following general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation, having an incidence ranging from 14% to 100% depending on patient characteristics, tube size, cuff design, and assessment methodology.

Lidocaine Spray vs. Gel for Intubation - Missouri Anesthesia Services Taken together, the available evidence suggests that the clinical utility of lidocaine spray vs. gel for intubation is highly formulation...